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:p.A.DEti«.:E;xjXj;, nE:i«.DE«.iisr<3r «fe co- 

6S9 Olxestnnt Sti-eet, (Jayne's Hall,) Pliiladelpliia. 



^^ 



.i^^< 



4®= Passengers going South of 'Washington Gity should 
inquire for Ayres^and-Book of the great Southern Route.^^^ 

I 






■a 



DESCRIPTIVF^AND-^OK 

O F T H E ^ y 




! TRAVELER'S GUIDE 



Sf"? 






o 



BY 



GEORGE B. AYRES. 



PITTSBURGH: 

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY W. S. HAVEN, 

Corner of Market and Second and Wood and Third Streets, 



• Awarded Prize Medal at World's Fair, Lond. '51, & Crystal Palace, N. Y. '53. 



rfh^^^M^^^*^4Ma 



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If you want DELICIOUS C6FFEE always^ and at a saving of 
from FORTY TO FIFTY PER CENT., get an 

"OLD DOMINION" COFFEE POT. 

Over forty different styles and varieties are manufactured. 

The "OLD DOMINION" TEA POT takes only half the usual 
quantity of Tea. You will save the price of either in two months, 
and secure daily a table luxury prized above all others. 

Jl^^ Sold by dealers in Housekeeping Articles, and by Store- 
keepers generally. 

ARTHUR, BURNHAM & CILROY, 
Nos. 117 and 119 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, 
Manufacturers under the Patent for the United States. 




RTHUR'S 

PATENT SELF-SEALING 

Fruit Cans & Jars. 



"These celebrated Cans and Jars," 
says the editor of the Lady's Book, 
_^ the first introduced, and, by all odds, 
the best, are steadily coming into general use. Thousands of 
housekeepers, who, in past seasons, were tempted to try other 
Cans and Jars, and who lost more or less of their fruit in conse- 
quence, will be glad to learn that ARTHUR'S never fails. For 
tiuo seasons tve have said, use no other, and we repeat the advice.''^ 
Housekeepers want no better authority than this. 
"ARTHUR'S" Cans and Jars have a channel around the mouth, 
on the outside, filled y^ith cement tohen sold, and all ready for seal- 
ing. You have, after filling your vessel with hot fruit, only to 
heat your lid and press it into the cement, when the work of her- 
metical sealing is done. 

They are made of Tin, Glass and Earthenware. 

ARTHUR, BURNHAM & CILROY, 

Manufactirers under the Patent, 
Nos. 117 AND 119 South Tenth St. Philadelphia. 
Also, manufacturers under the Patent for the United States, of the celebrated 
"OLD DOMINION" COFFEE AND TEA POTS. 
41®=" Sold by dealers in Housekeeping Articles and Storekeepers generallj'. 



BECK ^ LAWTON, 

e3S Ohestnnt Street, 



MUSIC PUBLISHERS, 

c^or^ign and g^mcstiii |ilitsk, 

BECK & LAWTON ARE CONSTANTLY PUBLISHING THE 

MOST VALUABLE MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS, BY 

EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN AUTHORS. 

THEIR CATALOGUE COMPRISES A VAST NUMBER OF 
WORKS, ADAPTED TO THE WANTS ALIKE OF THE 
TYRO AND OF THE CULTIVATED CON- 
NOISSEUR. 

Promptly supplied upon the most liberal terms. 



Spoken, at this Stoi'e. 

DISCRETI09{iRY ORDERS FOR TEACHERS 

FILLED BY ONE 

Who understands the Wants of Pupils 

IN EVERY STAGE OF PROGRESS. 



i 

IN THE VERY BEST STYLES. 

I INSTRUCTION BOOKS FOR EVERY INSTRUMENT, AND 
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF MUSIC FOR BANDS. 

BECK & LAWTON. 



WOODEMFS PATENT SEATS AND CODCnSS FOB RAILROAD fik¥ 

Proprietors of Patent— T. T. Woodniff, G. R. Dykeman, J. S. Miller, 0. W. Childs, Syracuse, 

T. T. WOODRUFF & Co., title of firm. 




Interior View of T. T. Woodrnff & Co's. Seats and Coiiclies. For particulars see inside. 



«rji=- «*vpi Rtpclc A? T^awton's Advci-tiitieinent inside of this Corer 



NEW 

DESCRIPTIVE HAND-BOOK 



eira^jlteiiia lailrnair, 



TRAVELER'S GUIDE 



TO THE 



GEEAT WEST! 



E X n I E I T I N G T H 



GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND STATISTICS OF THE ENTIRE 
COUNTRY TRAVERSED BY THE ROAD; 

(SatfjerrTj an tfje ^pot anli (lompilcti from tfje JSfst '^utfjortttes. 

ALSO, 

VALUABLE HINTS TO TRAVELERS. 



BY 

GEORGE B. AYRES. 



PITTSBURGH: 
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY W. S. HAVEN, 

Corner of Market and Second and Wood and Third Streets. 



p^2 



A 



n 



I / 



Entered-according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by 

GEORGE B. AYRES, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in 
and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 



The Advertisements contained in this book are from 
sources of the most unquestionable character. The author being 
personally acquainted with every establishment, is pleased to be \ 
able to RECOMBiEND his advertising patrons as thoroughly merito- 
rious and responsible. 



PREFACE. 

With the issue of this work I beg leave to liope that 1 
have supplied a desideratum on this Great Central Route, 
and that the present endeavor may prove more successful than 
certain of its predecessors. 

Respecting Guide-Books, I reduce the desires of every tra- 
veler to three main points, viz. Whei^e is he ? What sort of a 
place or country is he in? How far has he traveled? An- 
swers to these interrogatories comprise the prominent fea- 
tures of this book; and I trust they may be received as satis- 
factory. 

In the preparation of this work,^I was materially assisted 
by many valued friends, among whom I am pleased to mention 
the especial aid of Morris Fahnestock, Esq. of Harrisburg. 

It can scarcely be expected that a Hand-Book — the various 
data of which is necessarily collected from innumerable (and 
sometimes, uncertain) sources — should be, at first, altogether 
perfect. I therefore submit this humble effort to the chari- 
table judgment of those for whose wants I have endeavored 

to provide. 

THE AUTHOR, 

/ 



THOS. A. SCOTT, Esq. 

€lK GstccmclJ anir (efficient 
G-IElsrJElIRJLX. STJIF'iEiKIIsrTIBnsriDIEllsrT 

OF THE 

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, 

THIS 

HAND-BOOK 

Is I^espectfully (2)edioated. 



INTRODUCTION. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. 

This magnificent avenue of trade and travel may be properly 
considered the rigbt arm of Philadelphia ; whether regarded as 
an achievement of scientific engineering, or as a competitor with 
its great rivals on the north and south, we must unhesitatingly 
recognize its superior exoellence- 

Nurtured by the united interests of the two great commercial 
and manufacturing centres of the Keystone State,- it has assumed 
a magnitude already beyond the anticipations of its originators ; 
and is destined— by means of its important connections with 
the " Queen City " — to a glorious triumph over all competition 
in obtaining the lion's share of the business of the Great West 

Twenty years hav« elapsed since the idea of this great work 
** entered the mind of man." In 1841, a complete survey for a 
rail route was accomplished between Pittsburgh and Harrisburg, 
at which latter point connections were then available with Phila- 
delphia. An act of incorporation was obtained on April 13, 
1846 ; private and corporate subscriptions for capital stock were 
soon procured, and the work of construction began. No pro- 
phetic eye was required to discern the future of a project so 
grand in its aspirations, and so certain in its result. The 
streams were bridged, the mountains cut dovn, the valleys filled 

2 



VI INTRODUCTIOK. 

up, and the Pennsylvania Railroad bade weicotne to Old 
Ocean and to the Father of Waters. Still controlled by the 
same master mind which guarded its progress from infancy to 
its present gigantic proportions, who will essay to foretell the 
destiny of Pennsylvania's grandest avenue of internal Com- 
merce. 

PRESENT OPERATIONS. 

The great Pennsylvania Central Route embraces the former 
Philadelphia and Columbia (State) Railroad, 82 miles ; the 
Ilarrisburg and Lancaster Rail Road, 36 miles, and Branch to 
Columbia, 19 miles ; Pennsylvania Railroad as originally in- 
corporated (from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh), 249 miles — to- 
gether with its Branches to Hollidaysburg and Indiana, 28 
miles ; making a total of 414 miles under the direction of this 
Company. 

Control of the Columbia Railroad, together with the Main 
Line of the State Canals (285 miles), was obtained by pur^- 
chase, August 1st, 1857. The price required to be paid was 
?p7,500,000, in bonds of the Company, bearing five per cent, 
interest — the State also relinquishing her reserved right to pur- 
chase the Pennsylvania Kailroad. The amount paid for these 
works, although deemed more than their true value to the State, 
or than could have been safely paid for them by any other pur- 
chaser, is justified by the greater efficiency with which the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company will be enabled to operate the 
whole line between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh : a desideratum 
which the unflagging competition between the four great East 
and West lines — in price, speed, and other facilities— rendered 
a paramount consideration. 



INTRODUCTION. til 

That portion of the route owned by the Harrisburg and Lan- 
caster Railroad Company, is worked under a lease of twenty 
years (consummated April 21, 1849), nearly one-half of which 
has expired. 

The Rolling Stock of the Company consists of about 209 
freight and passenger locomotives ; 68 passenger cars ; 3 1 
emigrant cars ; 27 baggage and mail cars ; 8 express cars; 188 
eight-wbeeled stock cars ; 1276 eight -wheeled, and 109 four- 
wheeled house cars for general merchandise; 273 eight- wheeled, 
and 101 four-wheeled cars for coal and lumber; 72 eight- 
wheeled platform cars for wood ; 99 four-wheeled gravel cars ; 
282 four-wheeled road and handcars; and 24 sqow plows. 

The Cost of the Pennsylvania Railroad proper with its outfit 
up to February, 1858, is estimated at $19,766,981 ; to which add 
$7,500,000, cost of Main Line of Public Works purchased from 
the State, and the total cost of the railroads and canals owned by 
this Company is swelled to the enormous amount of $27,266,981! 
The earnings of the road are shown, by the reports of its Presi- 
dent, to be more than sufficient for a dividend of eight per cent, 
upon the amount of its capital. 

The Officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad have been 
identified with it from the beginning. Whether engaged in superin- 
tending the active operations for working the road, or in auditing 
and preserving tiie office accounts, they are found to be gentle- 
men of high character, possessing ample reputations for minute 
knowledge, and a thorough acr{uaintance in the various depart- 
ments of railway science. They are as follows : 

President, S . Edgar Thomson; Vice President, Wm. B. Fos- 
ter, Jr.; Treasurer, Thomas T. Firth; Secretary, Edmund 
Smith; Controller and Auditor, Herman J. Lombaert; Gene- 



yiU INTRODUCTION. 

ral ISuperintendent, Thomas A, Scott ; General Ticket Agent, 
Lewis L. Holtpt ; General Freight Agent, E. J. Sneeder ; 
Assistant Superintendents, George C. Franciscus, A. L. 
RouMFORT, Joseph D. Potts; Resident Engineer, W. H. 
Wilson; Master of Machinery, George W. Grier; Foreman 
of Car Shops, Ambrose Ward ; Engineer and Superintendent 
of Canal Departrnent, Thomas T. Wierman. 

The General Office of the Company is situated en Third 
street, west side, below Walnut. It is a towering structure, of 
bix)wn stone, magnificently designed, thoroughly fire-proof, and 
variously adapted to the departments of business. The current 
freight accounts are kept at the General Freight Depot office, 
Market street, near Broad, Philadelphia. 



PENNSYLYANIA 
CENTRAL RAILROAD 



PHILADELPHIA, 

The great emporium of commerce, manufactures, and the arts, 
is now tbe eastern terminus of the Pennsylvania Railroad. 

To detail its history — the story of its early days, and its iden- 
tification with subsequent "times that tried men's souls" — to 
recount the galaxy of its illustrious sons and daughters, and the 
glorious deeds which have rendered their names immortal — to 
enumerate the momentous political measures which have origina- 
ted within its precincts, or the important advances which this 
city has wrought in the various departments of science, litera- 
ture and art — would be inexpedient within the limits of a work 
like this. 

Rather let us assume the task of merely enumerating the 
various matters of curiosity and interest to he seen by visitors 
in this '* city of brotherly love " — leaving the more inquiring 
to obtain further details from the proper City Guide Books. 

Note. — The general order of our Philadelphia references is adopted 
from *' The Stranger's Guide in Philadelphia," published by Messrs. 
Lindsay & Blakiston, No, 25 So. 6th street, Philadelphia ; and to the 
purchase of whose cheap, useful and interesting work we recommend 
all who wish those details, illustrations, and complete maps, which it 
would be inexpedient to embrace in this work. See their advertisement. 

2* 



10 KAUAlOAh UAND-BOOK. 

Foremost among the objects of Philadelphia pride, stands 
her magnificenfe Public Buildings — the principal of which, 
and those most calculated to interest travelers, are the following : 

The State House, or Independence Ball, (Chestnut street,) 
justly ranks first among Philadelphia's objects of curiosity and 
historic interest. This edifice now contains the court rooms, 
municipal offices, and halls for other corporate purposes. Every 
tourist visits Independence Hall, where various memorials of 
continental times have been carefully preserved— not the least 
interesting of which is the old bell, which, on July 4th, 1776, 
"proclaimed liberty throughout the land," Strangers have 
free access to the steeple of the building, from which the pano 
ramie view of the city and its environs is strikingly beautiful. 

The Ciisiom House (Chestnut street, above Fourth,) was for-^ 
merly the celebrated *' United States Bank," It is built in 
imitation of the Parthenon, and is 87 feet front and 161 feet 
deep. Its building required five years, and was completed at 
an expense of about $-300,000. Connected with the business 
of the Custom House, are various other buildings in the city, 
used by the Storekeepers, Appraisers, Inspectors, &c. 

Waterworks. — •'' Fairmount,^'' from which the city is 
principally supplied, is certainly one of the most beautiful reser- 
voirs in the world — situated oa the east bank of the Schuyl- 
kill river, from which the water is supplied. The machinery at 
this place is calculated to raise into the reservoir about one and 
a half million gallons per twenty-four hours, the perpendicular 
elevation being ninety-two feet. The total capacity of the 
four main reservoirs is estimated at 22,031,976 ale gallons, 
and elevated fifty-six feet above the highest ground in the city. 

There are also the Schuylkill Water Works, three-quarters of 
a mile above Fairmount ; the Delaware Water Works, on the 
Delaware front, and the Twenty fourth Ward Works, on the 
west side of the Schuylkill, Sj)ring Garden and Northern 
Liberties Water Works, is located on the east side of the Schuyl- 
kill, about a mile above Fairmount, 




''i''|ilii'''|iF!Nlii/l]'r'": I 1 i 



12 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Gas Works. — The buildings comprised by these extensive 
works, are seen by travelers in the cars, at the eastern end of the 
Market street Bridge. They comprise 2 retort houses, 2 puri- 
fying houses, 2 metre rooms, 4 conical governors, 2 ranges of 
work shops, coke sheds, and 11 gas holders. The quality of 
illumating gas is of a high standard, and designated as " twenty 
candle gas," and obtained by the use of certain varieties of 
coals from the western part of our own State. The aggregate 
extent of main pipes laid, is 1,040,745 feet, supplying gas to 
225,000 lights. 

Spring Garden District Gas Works are located on the east 
bank of the Schuylkill, below Fairmount ; Northern Liberties 
Gas Works are situated on Laurel street, near Beach. 

Navy Yard. — This national establishment is situated on the 
Delaware, in Southwark District, and embraces about twelve 
acres, inclosed by a brick wall. The various buildings are the 
offices, residences, quarters for the marines, the moulding 
lofts, workshops, storehouses, — and two shiphouses, one of them 
being the largest in the United States. South of these is the 
Government Dry Docks, capable of holding the largest steam 
vessels and ships of the line ; and greatly superior to similar 
facilities offered at any other harbor in the country. Additional 
means are furnished on extraordinary occasions, whereby the ca- 
pacity of the Dock can be made equal to that of three of the 
largest stone docks in the world. The reputation of this Navy 
Yard, and the excellence of the vessels it has furnished to the 
Government, amply attest the superiority of Philadelphia ship- 
wrights. 

The United States M'w^( Chestnut, near Broad street,) presents 
a front of 122 feet, and is of the Tonic order. The steam engine 
in this building is the perfection of its kind, and the mechanical 
contrivances for milling, stamping, &c. are curious and interest- 
ing. Visitors are admitted daily from 9 to 12 o'clock, except on 
Saturdays and Sundays. 

The Merchants Exchange (Walnut, Dock and Third 



14 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

streets,) is constructed of Pennsylvania marble. It is occupied 
by Insurance Companies, the Koard of Brokers, the Merchants 
Reading Room, and by various other commercial offices. The 
vicinity of the Exchange is one of the most enlivening in the 
city. 

The Philadelphia Board of Trade (Room No. 30) aims to 
render its commodious apartment a meeting point among business 
men, where suggestions can profitably be exchanged for the 
promotion of local interests, and where harmony of action can be 
secured by the contact of intelligence and experience. 

Education — another feature of this city's pride, can boast 
among her temples : Girard College, the history of which is 
well known, and which as a work of art alone, is not rivaled. 
The design of the main building is that of a Greek temple ; the 
additional buildings are appropriated to the officers, pupils, tutors, 
governesses, &c. The grounds contain 41 acres, and the build- 
ings were completed at a cost of $1,993,821. The remains of 
its immortal founder rest within this, his proudest monument. 
The mode of education and genera] conduct of the College, is in 
strict accordance with Girard's will. Tickets of admission can 
be obtained from any of the Directors ; but clergymen are exclu- 
ded, in compliance with a singular stipulation in the founder's 
will. 

Philadelphia is justly styled the Medical Metropolis of the 
Union; and the labors of a Sliippen, Rush, Wistar, Physick, 
Barton, Dewees, Godman, Eberle, and a host of others, have 
rendered its institutions famous. They are as follows : 

The University of Pennsylvania, Ninth street, below 
Market. • 

Jefferson Medical College, South street, between Chestnut and 
Walnut. 

Medical Institute of Philadelphia. 

Pennsylvania College, Ninth, below Locust. 

Philadelphia College of Medicine, South Fifch street, near 
Walnut. 



'W^^^^j^^im. ' 




iifv 



16 RAILROAD HAND DOOR. 

Homceopathic Medical Oollege of Pennsyhcmia, Filbert 
street, between Eleventh and Twelfth. 

Female Medical College of Pennsylminia, No. 229, Arch 
street. 

Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Haines street, 
west of Sixth. 

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Lane street, above Sev- 
enth. 

Penn Medical University ; Philadelphia College of Dental 
Surgery; Philadelphia School of Anatomy ; College Avenue 
Anatomical School. 

There is no city in the Union which presents so many advan- 
tages for giving a thorough knowledge of medicine as Philadel- 
phia, and at a cost so trifling. In addition to those especially 
identified with the medical institutions already mentioned, there 
are the following : 

Hospitals, &c. — Pennsylvania Hospital ; Pennsylvania 
Hospital for the Insane : Philadelphia Hospital, Bleckley ; 
Wills Hospital (disease of eye and limbs) ; City Hospital 
(small pox, ship fever, &c.); St. Joseph'' s Hospital; Epis- 
copal Hospital; Children's Hospital; Lazaretto Hospitdjl^nd 
Quarantine Station ; Friends^ Asylum for the Insane ; Pres- 
ton Retreat (Foster Home Association ); Charity Hospital ^ 
Buttonwood street ; Philadelphia Lying-in Charity ; Home 
for Invalids tvith Disease of the Chest; Western Clinical In- 
firmary ; Philadelphia Dispensary ; Northern Dispensary ; 
Medical Department ; House of IndiMry ; Homceopathic Hos- 
pital. These Charitable Institutions, proud monuments of the 
benevolence of Philadelphia, rear their heads in all parts of the 
city. They are not excelled, perhaps not equaled, by those of 
any other city of the same extent in the world. In this particu- 
lar, Philadelphia has admirably illustrated its name, "brotherly 
love." 

The Bank Buildings of Philadelphia, taken as a whole, are 
undeniably more beautiful specimens of architecture than those 



PHILADELPHIA. IT 

of any other city in the United States. Oonspicaous among 
them we enumerate : 

Bank of North America (Chestnut street, between Third and 
Fourth,) is an elegant brown stone structure, of the Florentine 
style. This, it will be remembered, was the first bank estab- 
lished in the United States. 

Farmers and Mechanics Bank (Chestnut street, between 
Fourth and Fifth,) occupies an elegant white marble building, 
and which in point of beauty is one of the most attractive in the 
city. 

Bank of Pennsylvania (Second, below Chestnut,)— whose 
recent notorious demise renders the building of which we speak, 
its mausoleum — is a most exquisite specimen of Grecian archi- 
tecture, designed from the Temple of the Muses, and is construct- 
ed of Pennsylvania marble. The new and splendid granite 
building erected by this institution on Chestnut street, opposite 
the Custom House, may be regarded as a cenotaph to the memo- 
ry of the illustrious defunct. 

Philadelphia Bank and the Western Batik (Chestnut and 
Fourth streets,) occupy the same fine building. 

G¥urd Bank (Third, opposite Dock street) , formerly used 
by the illustrious benefactor whose name it bears, is a stately 
edifice, and was built originally for the first United States Bank. 
In this building, Girard prosecuted, in person, his extensive con- 
cerns as a banker, anl instructed and received reports from his 
numerous agents and captains of his vessels. 

Bank of Commerce (Chestnut, west of Second street,) is a 
brown-stone building, exhibiting the idea of utility more than ar- 
chitectural display ; yet disclosing the genius of a true artist. 
r Penn Building, the first erected here of cast iron ; Farqahar 
and Vandyke Building, of brown stone, are elegant structures. 

Conspicuous among the Places of Amusement, and worthy 
of a stranger's patronage, are the following : 

The Academy of Music (Broad and Locust streets,) is un- 
deniably the most perfect Opera-House in the world, and so de- 

8 



18 KAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

clared by the numerous foreign artistes who have appeared on its 
stage. It occupies 140 feet, by 238 feet of ground, and it is cab 
culated to seat an audience of three thousand ! The building itself 
is well worth seeing, even to those having no taste for the per- 
formance. Better still, it is paid for, and its stage is also the most 
refined and profitable in the country. 

Musical Fund Hall (Locust, above Eighth street,) is the 
favorite place for concerts, balls, lectures, and singing schools. 
Its saloon is 128 by 60 feet, considered in regard to musical 
effects unrivaled, and capable of accommodating an audience of 
two thousand. 

There are additional Places of Amusement as follows : 
Arch Street Theatre, Arch, above Third. 
Walnut Street Theatre, northeast corner Ninth and Walnut. 
City Museum (German Theatre), Callowhill, below Fifth. 
National Theatre and Circus, Walnut, above Eighth. 
Sanford's Opera House (Ethiopian), Eleventh, below Market. 
Literature and Science here boast among their Temples 
such institutions as the American Philosophical Society, Fifth 
street, below Chestnut; Philadelphia Library Company, at 
same place ; Athenceum, Sixth and Adelphi streets ; Frcmklin 
Institute, Seventh street, above Chestnut ; Historical Society 
of Pennsylvania, at same place ; Academy of Natural Sciences, 
Broad and George Btreets, a place of absorbing interest — open 
every Tuesday and Friday afternoons — tickets obtained from the 
directors ; Mercantile Library, Fifth and Library streets ; 
Library of the Law Association of Philadelphia, in County 
Court-house, Sixth and Chestnut streets ; Spring Garden In- 
stitute, Broad and Spring Garden streets ; School of Design 
for Women, corner of Locust and Eighth streets ; besides 
numerous Libraries belonging to the various associations. 

Philadelphia has the proud distinction of enumerating among 
her many useful public institutions, four incorporated associations 
devoted to the cultivation of the Fine Arts, viz.: 

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Chestnut street, be- 



PHILADELPHIA. 19 

tween Tenth and Eleventh, a place where visitors can spend a 
delightful and profitable hour. The specimens of painting and 
sculpture comprise a collection of rare value. Its principal 
exhibition occurs every spring. 

The A7-t Union of Philadelphia, the Graphic Association, 
and the Artist Fund Society, are institutions for the promo- 
tion 0^ Art, joint study, and social converse ; and for the assist- 
tance of families of deceased artists. 

In no part of the country does the Press maintain a higher 
tone, or is more characterized by originality, courtesy and pro- 
priety, than in Philadelphia. 

The Daily Morning issues number ten English and three 
German papers ; the Daily Evening issues number three ; the 
Weekly issues are twenty-six There are fourteen Religious 
publications, four Sunday Morning papers, and twenty-two 
Monthly Magazines and other Journals of a character honorable 
alike to their editors, publishers and the city. Among them are 
some of the oldest and most popular Magazines in the country. 

The United States Naval Asylum ; Pennsylvania Institution 
for the Educatio7i of the Deaf and Dumh^ Broad and Pine 
streets ; Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the 
Blind, Race and Twentieth street ; Philadelphia Almshouse, 
and the Friend's Ahnshouse, are auxiliary to the city's re 
putation for charity and benevolence ; and which is further 
assisted by many minor hospitals, dispensaries, retreats, houses 
of industry, orphan societies, and similar humane associations. 

Keltgious Societies of all denominations are exceedingly 
numerous in Philadelphia — a fact creditable to the memory of 
its founder, whose desire was that every one might worship God 
according to his own conscience. It would be impossible to 
enumerate even the most prominent churches, in so small a space 
as our work affords — as they number about three hundred. 
Among them are many whose design and architecture are not ex- 
celled by church buildings elsewhere, while they also boast of 
having their pulpits supplied by men who shine as "bright par- 



50 



IMILKOAI) HAND-BOOK. 



ticular stars" in the galaxy of America's intellectual glory. 
These are nucleuses of various associations for the distribution 
of books, periodicals, tracts, &c. The American Sunday 
School Union, the Pennsylvania Bible Society, and others, are 
among the principal religious institutions. 

Numerous also are the Masonic Lodges, and other Orders. 
The Masonic Temple^ in Chestnut street, is a magnificent build- 
ing, and well repays visitors who are fortunate enough to obtain 
admission into its halls. 

Cemeteries. — No one should visit Philadelphia, and leave 
without traversing the paths through its Cities of the Dead. 
The oldest and most highly ornamented of these, is 




LAUREL HILL CEJIETERY, 



Laurel Hill Cemetery, which occupies a beautiful 
along the Schuylkill. 

Hero may the heart, half desolate aixi broken, 
I'ar from the city's pomp its vigils keep. 

And M' rcath with fairest flowers, affection's tokea, 
The pale, cold marble, where its loved ones sleep. 



biufr 



PHILADELPHIA. ~ 21 

The statue of Old Mortality arrd Walter Scott ; the Godfrey 
monument; tomb of Oscar Douglas ; the imposing tribute to 
General and Major Twiggs; the Gothic Chapel; the monu- 
ment of General Mercer; the stately monument which conj- 
memorat(^s the Pennsyivanians who found " a martyred patriot's 
bed" at Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va.; the classic tomb of 
Commodore Hull ; the monument of Stephen Decatur Lavalette ; 
the tomb of the M'Kean family ; the obelisk of Holden ; the 
marble rock where Neal lies ; the Colman monument ; the cave 
tomb of the illustrious Dr. Kane ; together with the resting 
places of many other distinguished persona, are sufficient to at- 
tract and impress the stranger. Visitors obtain tickets of ad- 
mission at the Philadelphia Library, South Lifth street. 

Odd Fellows' Cemetery, " Glenwood,''^ " Monument, ^^ 
*' Woodland'^ and '^ Mount Vernon,^' are beautifully situated; 
and like their parent Laurel Hill, repletj with the combined 
loveliness of nature and art. 

The House of Refuge, the Eastern Penitentiary, and the 
County Prison, compare favorably with any others in the 
United States. 

Dr. Jayne's Drug House, Chestnut street, is the "tallest" 
individual enterprise among the buildings of this city Phila- 
delphia is also indebted to him for Jayne's Hall, and other 
ornaments to its good appearance. 

The Principal Hotels of Philadelphia are as follows : The 
St, Lawrence, Chestnut street, above Tenth ; Girard House, 
Chestnut street, near Ninth; Washington House, Chestnut street, 
between Seventh and Eighth; Merchants Hotd, Fourth street, 
below Arch ; Franklin House, Chestnut street, between Third 
and Fourth ; La Pierre House, Droad street, below Chestnut ; 
American Hotel, Chestnut street, opposite State House ; Union 
Hotel, Arch street, west of Third ; Eagle Hotel, Third street, 
above Race ; Giiy Hotel, Third street, below Arch ; Red Lion 
Hotel, Market street, above Sixth; Arcade Hotel, Chestnut 
street, between Sixth and Seventh ; Mansion Hovse, IMarket 

3* 



22 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

and Eleventh street; Madison House, Second street, below 
Arch ; Mount Vernon House, Second street, above Arch ; 
White Sican, Race street, above Third ; Bloodgoocfs Hotel, 
South Wharves ; Ridgway's Hotel, Market and North Wharves ; 
Jones' Hotel, Dock, below Third street ; BuWs Head Hotel, 
Sixth street, above Callowhill ; De Laney^s Restaurant, Chest- 
nut and Thirteenth streets ; together with many others. The 
Butler House, now building, on corner of Ninth and Chestnut 
streets, is intended shall equal, if not surpass, any similar estab- 
lishment in the United States. 

Among the Kelics of the Past which have withstood the 
onward tide of modern innovation, and which are interesting to 
strangers, are 

The Penn Cottage, situated in Letitia street, Market street, 
between Front and Second ; probably the first brick building, 
and also the residence of William Penn in 1682-83. Slate- 
Roof House, erected prior to 1700, and occupied by Penn and 
his family ; it was also the boarding place of General Forbes, 
John Adams, Hancock, Lee, Baron DeKalb, and other immortal 
spirits. Its location is corner of Norris alley and Second 
street. Carpenter's Hall, in Carpenter's court, Chestnut street, 
below Fourth. Here sat the first American Congress; a fact 
sufficient to render this spot sacred to every American. Within 
a few years, many other interesting and revolutionary spots have 
become the sites of modern utilitarian establishments. 

Recently, an opening has been made in the brick wall, at 
Christ Church Burying Ground, corner of Fifth and Arch 
streets, for the purpose of allowing a view of the Grave of 
Benjamin Franklin and his ivife. Strangers are pleased to 
visit and contemplate this spot, the last resting-place of America's 
great Philosopher and Statesman. 

Level witli cartli tlie lettered stone, 

And liidden oft by winter's snow. 
Its modest record tells alone 

M lidso dnst it is thiU Hleep;; l.elow. 



PHILADELPHIA. 23 

Public Squares. — Perhaps no other city in America can 
boast as many and as beautiful public promenades as Philadel- 
phia. Distributed as they are, too, throughout the city — filled 
with a great variety of beautiful shrubs and plants and lofty 
trees, 

" With seats beneath the shade, 
For talking age and whispering lovers made " — 

Provided with gushing fountains — they serve not only as the 
great lungs and ventilators of the city, but also afford a delight- 
ful summer retreat, where the clear, sweet voice of childhood 
mingles with the song of numerous birds, and its sportive life is 
only excelled by the playful squirrels and rollicking deer. 

The Squares are designated as follows : Independence, Wash- 
ington, Franklin, Penn, Rittenhouse, Logan, Jefferson, &c. 

PiiiLADELpniA AS IT IS, oxtcnds from north to south twenty 
miles, and from east to west eight miles — about one hundred 
and twenty-five square miles. One of the avenues, Second 
street, is the longest in the world. The city and county were 
consolidated into this great city, June, 1 854 ; population at 
present, 650,000, of which the Germans are numbered at eighty 
thousand. The total number of dwelling houses is over 73,000, 
more than contained in New York. 

Philadelphia has a line of packets to London, and four lines 
of sailing packets to Liverpool ; together with other lines to 
Charleston and Savannah ; to Norfolk, Petersburg and Rich- 
mond ; to Hartford and Boston ; to New York ; besides several 
lines of propellers, via canal, to New York, and one line to 
Baltimore. Many of these vessels have been built- here. The 
value of imports is about $20,000,000 per annum. The total 
value of the anthracite coal sent to market, is over $30,000,000 
per annum. 

The Manufactures of Philadelphia, both as regards their 
magnitude and value, are unrivaled. The goods and ware man- 
ufactured here consist of every variety ; many articles of orna- 
ment and use being lirought to more than an ordinary degree of 
iiorfcftion. 



24 KAILKOAD HAND-hOOK. 

Among the Railroads diverging from Philadelphia our own 
Great Central is the "first and foremost," but upon this we 
need not enlarge, leaving the tourist to judge of what he shall 
see. The others are as follows : 

Philadelphia, Reading and Fottsville Railroad, depots 
corner of Vino and Broad streets, and CDrner of Cherry and 
Broad streets. 

Philadelphia and Trenlon Railroad —Passengers by this 
road leave the foot of Walnut street by steamboat, to Taconey. 

Camden and Amhoy Railroad, leaves Philadelphia at 
Walnut street Wharf, by ferry over the river to Camden, tbence 
by railway to New York. 

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, depot, 
Broad and Prime streets. 

Norristown and Germantown Railroad, depot, Ninth and 
Green streets 

West Chester Railroad, depot, Market, between Eighteenth 
and Nineteenth stretits. 

North Pennsylvania Railroad, leaves Cohoquinoque depot, 
corner Front and Willow streets. 

Philadelphia and West Chester Railroad, via Media. Depot, 
iVIarket and Eighteenth streets. 

Camden and Atlantic Railroad. — Passengers leave Vine 
street Whyrf. 

Steamboatis leave Philadelphia daily for New York, Balti- 
more Trenton, Wilmington, Salem, Chester, New Castle, 
Bridgeton, Burlington and Bristol. A line also runs during 
the bathing season to Cape May. Stenmboats ply also on the 
romantic Schuylkill, from Fairmount to Columbia Bridge, 
Laurel Hill and Manayunk 

Fehry Boats run every half hour to Gloucester and Red 
Bank, and every hour to Port Richmond, Bridesburg and Ta- 
coney. Those to Camden run every five minutes. None of 
these ferry boats charge more than six and a quarter cents per 
trip 



PHILADELPHIA. 



9f. 



Leaving the Fmmsylvania Railroad Depot, at Eleventh 
and Market streets, the first mile is traveled through the chief 
avenue in Philadelphia ; passing by the General Freight Depot 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Penn Square, the State Armory, 
the new Western Market House, and the Philadelphia Gas 
Works, we arrive at the Market street Railroad Bridge, 
(formerly the Permanent Bridge,) one of the finest and most 
substantial structures in the United States. 




jBrljfHYM 



ARRET STREET RAILROAD BRIDGE. 



Emerging from the Bridge, fine views are afforded up and 
down the Schuylkill river. Coospicuous among the various 
objects which "lend enchantment to the view," are the Alms- 
house, Girard College, Fairmount Water Works, bridges span- 
ing the river, the various domes and spires of the city ; while 
in the immediate vicinity is the "Powelton Race Course" and 
Grounds, used by the County and State Agricultural Societies. 
The Company has also at this point a large machine shop, under 
direction of A. W. Taylor; numerous sidings, cattle yards, &c. 



26 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Exchanging now the horse of flesh for the great iron horse, 
we bid aciieu to Philadelphia, and commence our journey over 
what was formerly the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. 
This, among the pioneer iron ways, was commenced in the year 
1829, and completed with, double track in 1834, at a cost of 
$3,754,577. 

Winding along, for a short distance, the western bank of the 
Schuylkill, catching occasional glimpses of attractive objects in 
the distance, we see immediately before us "Fairmount," and 
the Wire Bridge. This elegant suspension bridge was erect- 
ed by the county in 1841, at a cost of $55,000, and occupies 
the }>osition of a former beautiful structure, whi':h consisted of 
a single arch of three hundred and forty feet span, and was said 
to have bee a at least 90 feet longer than that of any other 
bridge in the world. The present structure is much admired 
for its beauty and simplicity, as well as the ingenuity of irs con- 
struction. 

Continuing through a vicinity appropriated to the culture of 
vegetables for city consumption, we arrive at 

Hestonville (Philadelphia 4 miles — Pittsburgh 352 miles,) 
now within the corporate limits of Philadelphia, is a residence 
village for persons doing business in the city, and contains' 
about three hundred inhabitants. A splendid Asylum and 
Cathedral Cemetery are located here. 

City Avenue (flag station,) is the line dividing Philadel- 
phia and Montgomery counties. 

rVlarion (flag station,) is situated in Marion township, 
Montgomery county, a district originally settled by Welsh emi- 
grants. 

LibeptyvlHe, (Philadelphia 7 miles — Pittsburgh 349 miles,) 
a flag station. 

Athensville, (Philadelphia 9 miles — Pittsburgh 347 miles,) 
a village of Monto;omery county, containing a population of 
two hundred. 

Haverfopd (flag station). At this place is located Haver- 



HESTONVtLLE — PAOLl. 2? 

ford College, belonging to an association of Friends, and con- 
ducted by them, for the classical education of the youth of that 
Society— though not esclusively confined to them. It is in 
a part of Delaware county celebrated as being the birth district 
of the illustrious painter, Benjamin West. 

White HaSJ (Philadelphia 11 miles — Pittsburgh 845 miles,) 
takes its name from White Hall Hotel, a place of summer resi- 
dence for the people of Philadelphia. 

West Haverford (flag station) . 

Villa Nova (Philadelphia 12 miles — Pittsburgh 344 miles,) 
is the site of a Roman Catholic College, which occupies a beau- 
tiful elevation at the left of the road. 

Morgan's Corner (Philadelphia 14 miles— Pittsburgh 342 
miles,) comprises a '* corner " of Delaware county, in its extreme 
north. 

Eagle (Philadelphia 17 miles-^Pittsburgh 339 miles,) Station 
is the railroad outlet for the country surrounding the old "Spread 
Eagle " tavern, and is a place of summer resort for the city. 
About one and a half miles south, in a secluded spot, and shaded 
with cedars and other forest trees, stands an ancient Welsh 
church, erected in 1717. In the burial-ground attached lie the 
remains of Gen. Anthony Wayne, whose family homestead is in- 
the vicinity. 

Afmira (flag station). 

Reeseviiie (flag station). 

PaoH (Philadelphia 21 miles — Pittsburgh 335 miles,) Station 
is a general lunching place for trains. About two miles south- 
west from this hotel occurred the noted ''massacre," on the night 
of September 20th, 1777. 

On this occasion, Oen. Wayne, with 1,500 Americans, was surprised 
by a larger force of English, under Gen. Gray. The action, as is well 
known, proved disastrous to the Americans, Gen. Gray having ordered 
his troops to give " no quarter." The bodies of the slain were decently 
interred by the neighboring farmers, in one grave, immediately adjoining 
thi^ awful scene of unpitying ferocity. About thirty-five years ago, a 
military company of Chester county, aided with individual subscriptions, 
erected a monument over the remains of the gallant victims. It is a pe- 
destal of white marble, surmounted by a pyramid, and bears appropriate 



28 RAILKOAB HAND-BOOK. 

inscriptions. The monument is neatly inclosed, and shaded with stately 
trees ; but not visible from the rail road. 

The neighborhood of Paoli is replete with interesting reminis- 
cences of the Revolution. A few miles to the right is " Valley 
Forge/' the well known history of which renders unnecessary any 
further details. Paoli tavern was occupied by Gen. Washington 
as his head-quarters, during the revolutionary movements in 
this section of country. 

Green Tree fflag station) Hotel. In this vicinity stands the 
bouse in which Gen. Anthony Wayne was born, Jan. 1st, 1745. 

After a life of honor and usefulness, he died December, 1796, at a mili- 
tary post on the shore of Lake Erie. From thence, in 1809, his remains 
were removed to Delaware county, where, by direction of the Pennsyl- 
vania State Society of Cincinnati, an elegant monument (before men- 
tioned) was erected, of white marble, appropriately inscribed. 

West Chester Intersection (Philadelphia 22 miles— Pitts- 
burgh 334 miles,) is the junction point of a railroad branch to 
the town of West Chester, 12 miles distant, and capital of Ches- 
ter county. 

Garret's Siding (flag station). 

After leaving this point, the tourist is regaled with an ex- 
tended view of the magnificent " Chester Yalley," thickly dotted 
with neat farm houses and barns, and every description of com- 
.fortable out-houses for horses, cattle and the smaller stock. The 
wide-spread fields of golden grain or luxuriant grass, which greet 
the eye in the summer season— -the herds of cattle and flocks of 
sheep everywhere to be seen — indicate the thrift and progress in 
agriculture of the inhabitants of Delaware, Montgomery and 
Chester counties. 

Chester Valley averages a|)out two miles in width, is skirted 
on both sides with timber-covered hills, from which issue innu- 
merable springs, and is noted for its fertility and beautiful ftirms ; 
travelers seldom view a more magnificent agricultural panorama 
than is hero afforded. This valley supplies Philadelphia with its 
far-famed butter, and the finest beef. 

Steamboat (Philadelphia 26 miles— Pittsburgh 330 miles,) 
Station derives its name from an old hotel on the Philadelphia 
and Lancaster turnpike, which had a "steamboat" for its sign. 
Located in Chester county. 



GREEN TEEE — DOWNINGTOWN. $$ 

Walkertown (flag station). 

Oakland (Philadelphia 30 miles — Pittsburgh 326 miles.) 
Hotel. This station is located on the south side of Chester Val- 
ley. A triweekly stage line connects Oakland with Reading 
and West Chester. Near this station there is operated a plum- 
bago or black lead mine. 

Between Oakland and the next station, we cross one of the 
largest and highest bridges on the route, constructed over the 
north branch of Brandy wine creek. Ifc is composed of four 
spans, of one hundred and thirty feet each ; the original was de- 
stroyed by fire, and the present bridge erected in 1838. 

Chester Valiey Railroad Intersection (Philadelphia 33 
miles — Pittsburgh 323 miles). This improvement, traversing 
the Chester Yalley — unsurpassed in the abundance and fertility 
of its crops and farming produce, limestone quarries, and iron- 
ore beds — extends twenty-one miles, in an almost direct line, to 
Bridgeport on the Schuylkill river, sixteen miles from Phila- 
delphia, where it connects with the Philadelphia and Norris. 
town, and Philadelphia and Reading Railroads. With the 
exception of a light grade near Bridgeport, the road is per- 
fectly level. The Reading Railroad Company has obtained a 
lease of this road, and will use it for five years, commencing 
January 1, 1859. 

Downingtown, (Philadelphia 34 miles — Pittsburgh 322 
miles, J like Paoli, is a regular lunch-place for all trains. This vil- 
lage is located in the heart of the Grreat Valley, and was originally 
settled by emigrants from Birmingham, England, as early as 
1728. Thomas Downing became proprietor, and established 
the place. 

Its location is immediately on the old turnpike; the houses sur- 
rounded with neat giirdens, trees and shrubbery 5 and a stranger would 
here be reminded of William Penn's original design for the plan of erec- 
tion of houses in Philadelphia, " that every house be placed in the middle 
of his plat, as to the breadthway of it, so that there may be ground on 
each side for gardens, or orchards, or fields — that it may be a greene 
country towne, which will never be burnt, and always be wholesome." 
Unfortiinately, however, for Philadelphia, these wholesome counsels were 

4 



30 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

disregarded. There is a mbl e quarry a short distance from Downhig- 
town, where excavations have been made beyond a hundred feet in 
depth. 

At Downingtown the route crosses the north branch of Bran- 
dywine Creek. This stream commemorates the battle of Bran- 
dywine, which took place in 1777, between Lord Cornwallis 
and General Washington, at Chad's Ford, about fifteen miles 
below this place. On that memorable occasion (as it is record- 
ed,) these pure waters flowing between the contending armies, 
were dyed by the blood of the combatants, thus bearing witness 
to their deadly struggle. 

Gallagherville, (Philadelphia 35 miles — Pittsburgh 321 
miles,) a small village to the right, and situated in Chester 
county. 

Thorndale, (flag station,) named after the extensive thorn- 
hedge surrounding an adjoining field, is the site of the " Thorn- 
dale Rolling Mill," for the manufacture of boiler iron, &c. 

Cain (Philadelphia 38 miles — Pittsburgh 318 miles,) is situ- 
ated in Cain township, Chester county. 

In this vicinity — as also at various times before on the route — • 
tourists have observed that the railroad crosses the old Phil- 
adelpMa and Lancaster Turnpike. 

This improvement, celebrated among Pennsylvania's ancient thor- 
oughfares, was commenced in 1792; and is probably among the very 
first of its kind in the United States. It is sixty -two miles in length, 
and cost $500,000. Subsequently it was extended to Pittsburgh, and 
beyond the State line into Ohio. Upon this, and a large number of 
similar roads, radiating from the main thoroughfare, plodded the famous 
" Connestoga teams," the principal dependence for mercantile transport- 
ation in the early times. These venerable appliances, however, are 
now among " the things that were." The crack of th« burly wagoner's 
whip — the ponderous jar of the heavy wheels, keeping time to his jocund 
song — the tintinnabulation of the bells surmounting each horse-collar, 
no longer resound along the plain and amid the valleys traversed by 
this grand old highway. Their " occupation's gone." 
On ! — on with a haughty front ! 

A puff, a shriek and a bound — 
While the tardy echoes wake too late 

To babble back the sound. 
And tlie old pike road la left alone, 

And the stagers seek the plow; 
We have circled the world with an iron rail, 
And the Kteam king rules ua now. 



GALLAGHERVILLE — PARKSBURG. 81 

9 

Coatesville, (Philadelphia 39 miles — Pittsburgh 317 miles,) 
beautifully located amid the hills which border the great valley, 
was originally settled by Lindsay Coates, about 1725. The 
town is built mostly of brick and stone houses, and contains a 
population of 600 ; the Chester Valley Bank is located here, 
and it is also the business centre for five rolling mills which op- 
erate in the vicinity. The town lies on the west branch of the 
Brandywine, across which the Railroad passes on a bridge 75 
feet high, stretching over a chasm of 850 feet. The stream 
affords water-power for various iron manufactories, and irrigates 
an agricultural section where " every rood of ground maintains 
its man." 

Midway, (Philadelphia 40 miles — Pittsburgh 316 miles,) 
which is properly an environ of Coatesville, is so named from its 
being the old midway-point boiween Philadelphia and Columbia. 

Chandler's, (flag station,) situated on the north side of the 
valley, is an outlet for grain raised in the vicinity. 

Parksbupg, (Philadelphia 45 miles — Pittsburgh 311 miles,) 
a village located on the former estate of John Parke, Esq., was 
commenced about the year 1832. It contains 500 inhabitants, 
a female seminary, and a very large male academy. The sur- 
rounding township is productive in staple grains, which supply 
a number of flour mills. There are also several woolen facto- 
ries, bark mills and forges. The water at this place is valued 
for its excellence, and maintains a water-cure establishment. 

Parksburg derives its importance chiefly from having the 
Philadelphia Division of the Railroad repair-shops here, super- 
intended by George H. Kinzer. It was selected by the Com- 
monwealth for this purpose ; but had also a former importance 
as a halting-place for cattle-drovers, Connestoga teamsters, and 
stage travelers on the old turnpike. 

A large number of hands are employed in the road-shops. 
The Railroad Company has also erected here a stone reservoir, 
with a capacity of 42,000 gallons, and which, in addition to 
road purposes, supplies the village. 



32 RAILROAD HAND BOOK. 

Penningtonvitle, (Philadelphia 49 miles — Pittsburgh 307 
miles,) the last station in Chester county, is on a small branch of 
the Octorarra creek, and contains two hotels, together with a 
population of 400. 

Christiana (Philadelphia 50 miles — Pittsburgh 306 miles,) 
is a neat and thriving village, situated just over the line in Lan- 
caster county, and at the very head of Chester Valley. 

It contains 300 inhabitants, whose conduct is well remem- 
bered in a riot which occurred theie in 1851, occasioned by some 
Maryland slave-owners attempting to arrest their runaway 
negroes, The melancholy result of this altercation was the kill- 
ing of one and the wounding of several other persons. 

In passing from Chester to Lancaster county, the route leads 
through Mine liidge ; which range, winding around the county 
on its south-eastern border, looks down upon that portion of the 
Keystone State which has been justly designated (by an intelli- 
gent English tourist) the " Garden of America." 

Gap (Philadelphia 52 miles — Pittsburgh 301 miles,) Station 
— so called from its locality at the mouth of a gap through 
Mine Ridge — is the highest point above tide-water on the old 
State road, being 560 feet. Here we enter Pequea Valley, of 
Lancaster county, watered by Pequea creek, and no less beauti- 
ful and fertile than the charming vale which we traversed in 
Chester county. Contiguous to this station, is the Gap Smelt 
ing Works, which is supplied with nickel and copper, found in 
the neighboring ridge. 

Travelers will not fail to be struck with the enchanting pano- 
rama which stretches out over the luxuriant acres now before 
them. 

Kinzer's, (^Philadelphia 55 miles — Pittsburgh 301 miles,) 
named after Henry Kinzer, is the junction-point of a small 
Branch Eailway to Strasburg, three miles distant, which place 
is an early German settlement, containing three churches, an 
academy, a number of stores, and a population of about 1,000. 

Lemon Place (Philadelphia 59 miles — Pittsburgh 297 
miles,) Depot, is located in the Pequea country. 



PENNINGTONVILLE — BIRD IN-HAND. 83 

The creek which bears this title, and whose main channel is 
crossed by the railroad, west of this depot, was originally the 
favorite stream of the Shawanese, who had a village exiled Pequa, 
or Pequehan, at its confluence with the Susquehanna. They 
emigrated thither from the South, under their chief, Opessah; 
but ever restless, sought other hunting-grounds at the head of 
the Ohio, in 1755. 

Concord, (flag station,) or Gordonsville, is a grain depot ; 
contains a hotel, two stores, and a population of about 200. 

Bird-in-Hand,(Philadelphia 63 miles — Pittsburgh 293 miles,) 
or, according to its true name, Enterprise, is another cluster of 
houses whose "enterprise" exists more in name than in nature; 
and the record of whose history has been 

" More honor'd in the breach than iu the observance." 

For lack of this, we have vainly inquired the origin of its 
present singular name ; but it is said to arise from an emblemat- 
ical tavern-sign, appertaining to an establishment here, which 
** entertained" man and beast in that grab-game style derived 
from the principle that "a bird in the hand is worth two in the 
bush ! " 

After leaving Bird-in-Hand, the road crosses Mill creek, a 
branch of the celebrated Connestoga. 

The section of country as we approach Lancaster city, is un- 
doubtedly one of the few spots in this wide, wide world which 
can present the noble scenes which are here afforded to the eye. 

The farms are generally small, but in the highest state of cultivation ; 
and in the economy which characterizes the general agricultural system, 
there is probably not a more prolific region in the United States. The 
sturdy German population of this county — like others of their class 
throughout the State — discarding the excitements and turmoils of modern 
progress, in a "fast" sense, are upon the whole, purer in sentiment, more 
patriotic in feeling, and more industrious, honest, and straight-forward 
in their course through life, than any other class of people. 

One mile east of Lancaster, Connestoga creek is crossed. 

This stream, with its branches, traverses the heart of Lancaster county, 
and is named after the celebrated aboriginal tribe which dwelt in this 
section, the Connestogas. This people, it is supposed, were a part of the 
Five Nations ; and sent messengers with corn, venison and skins to wel- 
come William Penn, and concluded a treaty of amity between him and 
them, " to endiire as long as the sun should shine, or the ^vaters run into the 

4* 



84 KAILR0AI> HANI) BOOK. 

rivers." They were visited by all the prominent personaues connected 
witli the early State government, and their chief village was the scene of 
many important councils. They enjoyed many years of peaceful resi- 
dence, in friendly intercourse with the people of Lancaster, until the sad 
catastrophe which exterminated the tribe. 

LANCASTER, (Philadelphia 70 miles — Pittsburgh 286 
miles,) which, with the county, derives its name from Lancaster, 
England, was laid out in 1730, by Andrew Hamilton, and is 
now the fourth important city of Pennsylvania. 

The city bears a remarkable impress of European peculiari- 
ties; its principal streets being designated as King, Queen, 
Orange, Duke street, &c. 

Its inhabitants are chiefly of German descent, and formerly 
exhibited an intense disposition for one-storied houses. 

In 1763, occurred at the Lancaster work-house the bloody 
massacre of Connestoga Indians, (already alluded to,) who re- 
treated here for safety, after an onslaught by the famous "Pax- 
ton Boys" at their village on Connestoga creek. In 1777, 
Congress met at Lancaster, while the British occupied Philadel- 
phia, but subsequently adjourned to York. 

On account of its inland position, Lancaster was also a place 
of confinement for Briti-h prisoners during the Revolutionary 
war; and its celebrated gun-smiths were active in furnishing 
muskets for that eventful struggle. In 1779, it became the 
seat of State govornm':nt, but in 1812 the same was removed to 
Harrisburg 

The city is substantially built, with streets laid off at right 
angles, and contains a population of seventeen thousand. Among 
its public buildings is a court-house of extraordinary architec- 
tural beauty — erected at a cost of $100,000 — eighteen churches, 
of various denominations, three public halls, and ten hotels. 
There are also two banks, four banking and discount oiBces ; two 
daily, and nine weekly newspapers, and three other monthly 
publications. Besides Franklin and Marshall College, its educa- 
tional institutions comprise two seminaries and academies, and 
about forty free schools. 

The new Penitentiary (conspicuous on the left, as the city is 
approachevl from Philadelphia,) is a finely arranged and substan- 
tinlly built structure, and cost $110,000. Among various in- 



LANCASTER — DILLERVTLLB. OD 

(^ustrial establishments, is the Lancaster Jjoeomotive Works, 
and the Connestoga Cotton Mills. The immense amount of 
cereal products which centre here, from this glorious county, 
are mostly forwarded to Philadelphia. The city is abundantly 
supplied with water, obtained from the Connestoga, which winds 
along the southern outskirts. The city is also lighted with gas. 

Connestoga navigation — which consists of eighteen miles of 
slack-water pools, to Safe Harbor, vn ihe Susquehanna — is nav- 
igable for boats of the largest class ; but is noted more as a 
means of mill water-power, than for an excess of shipping. 

From Lancaster ten macadamized roads radiate to different 
parts of the country ; the most prominent of which are the 
" old Continental Road" to Philadelphia, and the " old King's 
Plighway," now called the West Chester road. 

The well-known " Ephrata " Mountain and Springs, and 
" Wabank " — both delightful summer resorts — are accessible 
from Lancaster. 

This county had the honor of giving to the country the im- 
mortal George Ross, and Robert Fulton ; and among other of 
her distinguished sons were Jasper Yeates, Henry Earnest 
Muhlenburg, David Ramsay, Simon Snyder, and John H. 
Raueh, an ingenious blacksmith, who invented the screw-auger; 
and it is said that his first specimen is still preserved in the 
county. 

Lancaster is also the residence of the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, 
Hon. Ellis Lewis, and James Buchanan^ President of the Uni- 
ted States. 

Departing from Lancaster, travelers will notice on the left a 
new brick structure built in Gothic style ; this is Franklin and 
Marshall College. Looking further back, in the same direction, 
a distant view is also obtained of " Wheatland," Mr. Buchanan's 
home-residence — ^a brick house, thickly surrounded with trees. 
Hereabouts too, on the right, may be seen a model specimen of 
that "peculiar institution" in Pennsylvania agriculture, a 
roomy and weather-tight barn. 

Dillerville, Cflag station,) one mile west of Lancaster, is the 



36 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

point of intersection with the Harrisburg and Lancaster Rail- 
road. From this point, also, the old State Road — now prop- 
erty of the Pennsylvania Company — deflects toward the Sus- 
quehanna, terminating at Columbia, where it connects with the 
Harrisburg and Lancaster Railroad Branch, extending from 
thence along the river nineteen miles, to Middletown. 

D^" Passengers by trains via Columbia, are referred 
to the APPENDIX, for description of the BHANCH 
ROUTE to Middletown. 

Beyond Dillerville (named after Gen. Adam Diller,) we 
cross the " Little Connestoga " creek, and approach the Cone- 
wago Hills which border Lancaster county on the north, and 
which, with Mine Ridge, (afore-mentioned,) presents, as we 
have seen, one broad basin of fertility and loveliness. 

Landisvilie (Philadelphia 78 miles — Pittsburgh 278 miles,) 
is a small village situated on the ridge dividing the waters of 
Little Connestoga and Big Chiquesalanga creeks. 

West of Landisville, we cross a 300 feet bridge, over Big 
Chiquesalunga creek, the name of which is an Indian word, sig- 
nifying '' Turkey Crooked-creek." At a spring along its banks, 
there was formerly a noted Indian village, where many of the 
children of the forest are said to have dwelt until the close of 
the Revolution, 

Soon after, we arrive at the Little Chiquesalunga creek, a 
branch of the former stream, and on the banks of which, contig- 
uous to the road, is Cedar Hill Seminary, an institution at which 
many of the fair daughters of Central Pennsylvania have received 
excellent educations. At this well known locality, enthusiastic 
young-gentlemen tourists invariably keep on the qui vive for the 
soft glances, gracious smiles, and waving handkerchiefs . which 
render this a charmed spot ; while those of the other sex who 
have in former years dwelt amid its green shades, now view the 
familiar spot with increased pleasure. 

Mount Joy (Philadelphia 82 miles — Pittsburgh 274 miles,) 
was settled about 1812, by emigrants who named it after the 



LANDISVILLE — ELIZABETHTOWN. 87 

"Mount Joy" which they had left in the north of Ireland. 
Various additions were subsequently made, and the borough in- 
corporated in 1851. The settlers of the surrounding township 
of Donegal, were active in furnishing supplies during the winter 
of 1777-78, whilst Washington was encamped at Valley Forge, 
and General Antbony Wayne, with a portion of the army, lay 
about a mile west of Mount Joy. 

The surrounding valley is an excellent and productive lime- 
stone region. A singular cave near the town, is an interesting 
object to visit, and said to be one of the most curious among 
subterranean labyrinths. Chestnut Hill, 3^ miles south of 
Mount Joy, contains immense beds of hematite iron ore ; while 
at various other points Potomac marble is found. 

The industrial establishments of the town consist of three 
foundries and machine shops, one edge tool factory, and a steam 
flouring mill, besides an extensive car manufactory. There 
are five churches, two halls, one savings institution, one banking 
firm, three hotels, and one newspaper office. Population about 
1800. Besides five common schools, there is also the Mount 
Joy Academy, a flourishing and well patronized institution. 

Richland, a village scattered along the hill-slope beyond 
Mount Joy, is part and parcel of the latter. 

Between Mount Joy and Elizabethtown, the road passes 
through a fine Tunnel, 900 feet long, 15 feet wide, same in 
heighth ; and which cost over $100,000. W. Milnor Eoberts, 
Esq., was the original chief engineer of the Harrisburg and 
Lancaster Railroad. 

Elizabethtown, (Philadelphia 89 miles — Pittsburgh 267 
miles,) a mid-way point between Harrisburg and Lancaster, is 
situated on Conoy creek, in the township of Mount Joy, Lan- 
caster county. 

The Connoys or Ganawese Indians, a southern tribe, came to 
this section in the year 1700 ; and with the Connestogas and 
Shawanees, "engaged to our government for their peaceable 
deportment and behavior among us." 



38 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Elizabethtown contains about 800 inhabitants, and is one of 
those old-time points on the turnpike which have lost their former 
interest and prosperity, since the invention of the railroad and 
its iron-horse. Kirk Few, Esq., the efficient Superintendent of 
the Harrisburg and Lancaster Company, resides at this place. 

From the vicinity of Elizabethtown, westward, we traverse 

the "Conewago Hills." 

Here great blocks of trap-rock are scattered over the surface; and 
from their rounded form, seem to indicate that they belong to the earliest 
epochs of the earth's eventful history. The portion of this rock-range 
toward the Susquehanna, still battles to intercept its rolling waters, and 
indubitably points to a moment when the river broke through and secured 
its final passage. 

Looking out upon this almost grassless waste, it can scarcely 
be realized that we are still within the borders of Lancaster 
county — but so it is. The "extremes" of fertility and barren- 
ness seem to ''mest" within this district. 

Now we cross Conewago creek by a splendid two-span bridge, 

450 feet long and 85 feet high. This stream rises in Lebanon 

county, flows along the north base of the Conewago hills to the 

Susquehanna river, and forms the boundary between Lancaster 

and Dauphin counties. 

It has been amusingly related, that its name arises from the expression 
of an Indian, who made an unsuccessful attempt to cross it during a 
flood ; and who, in endeavoring to pronounce in English, " Can no way 
go,"' muttered, Cau-naugh-wau-gah — from which has been abbreviated 
the word Conewago. 

Across this stream we enter upon Dauphin county, which was 
separated from Lancaster in 1785 ; and which was named after 
the Dauphin, son of Louis XVI. king of France. 

Its first settlers emigrated from the north of Ireland, or were 
Scotch-Irish. Among the remarkable men it has produced 
were Liudley Murray, the illustrious English grammarian, and 
William Darby, the distinguished geographer. 

About two miles below Middletown, we catch our first glance 
of the Susquehanna river, flowing smoothly along its pebbled 
banks, and dotted with wooded and vine-grown islands, while 
some of the larger ones are finely cultivated. 



MIDDLETOWN HIGHSPIRE. 39 

This magnificent stream drains over thirteen millions of acres, much 
of which is coal and valuable mineral land; and had the former policy 
of Pennsylvania's State improvements inclined to its navigation by 
steam, what a different spectacle and a greatly advanced condition of 
things would we now behold ? 

Middletown (Philadelphia 97 miles — Pittsburgh 259 miles,) 
and Portsmouth, now essentially one place, are located at the 
junction of Swatara creek and the river. The former stream, 
and also the Union canal, are both crossed before arriving at the 
depot : creek bridge, 310 feet long. 

Middletown, so named from its having been the old turnpike 
half-way-point between Lancaster and Carlisle, was laid out in 
1755, by George Fisher, upon the site of an ancient village of 
the Susquehanna Indians. Middletown is one of the most im- 
portant lumber depots on the lower Susquehanna, and transacts 
also an extensive business in coal, brought thither from Pine- 
grove, over the Union canal. Within a few years past, Mid- 
dletown has grown rapidly. Its business embraces two furna- 
ces, a foundry, extensive flouring and saw-mills — the united 
operations of which are greatly facilitated by a bank. Popula- 
tion about 3,000. 

At the right hand stands the Emmaus Orphan Institute, 
founded by the will of George Frey, and endowed with a large 
property under direction of the Lutheran Church. 

D5^ Eastward Passengers, who travel in Trains run- 
ning via Columbia, are referred to the APPENDIX 
for description of Stations on BRANCH SOAD. 

A short distance west of Middletown, the railroad crosses the 
Susquehanna Division (or main-line) of the Pennsylvania canal. 

Highspire, (Philadelphia 101 miles — Pittsburgh 255 miles,) 
situated in Swatara township, was laid out about forty years 
since, on the Harrisburg and Middletown turnpike. It contains 
about 600 inhabitants, an extensive distillery, a saw-mill, and 
other smaller establishments. 

In this vicinity, on the opposite side of the river, commence 
the "York Hills" and ''South Mountain Eange," between 
which and the Kittatinny or Blue Mountain on the north, lies 



40 EAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

the great Cumberland Valley, another of Central Pennsylvania's 
garden-spots. This magnificent valley, which in Pennsylvania 
extends about one hundred and sixty miles, with a breadth of 
about twelve miles, is a most valuable limestone and agricultu- 
ral section, and contains also many excellent iron ores. Few 
districts in the State can rival this vale of "old Mother Cum- 
berland," 

Within two miles of Harrisburg, we pass by — on a beautiful 
bluff at the right — '*Lochiel," the residence of Gen. Simon 
Cameron, the distinguished statesman and financier, and at pres- 
ent United States Senator from this district. Then looking up 
the river, a first view is obtained of the noble bridges at Harris- 
burg. 

A mile east of town^ we cross the mouth of Paxton creek 
- — a stream noted in the early history of this county — and where 
originally existed a village of the Peixtan, or Paxton Indians. 
It was from this district of Paxton, where many outrageous 
murders having been committed, the celebrated " Paxton 
Boys" went to Lancaster, and (as before related,) exterminated 
by an avengeful massacre, the tribe of Connestoga Indians, in 
the work-house of that city. At Paxton church, near Harris- 
burg, the early settlers always carried their rifles with them to 
service, and Rev. John Elder, the pastor, was obliged to carry 
his own with him into the pulpit ! 

HARRISBURG, (Philadelphia 107 miles— Pittsburgh 249 v 
miles,) the capital of Pennsylvania, occupies a delightful bluff | 
position on the eastern bank of the Susquehanna. Its location 
is undeniably one of the most desirable and beautiful of any 
town in the United States. 

Nestled in the fertile Kittatinny Valley, and looking out upon 
magnificent scenery — the broad river studded with islands, and 
spanned by noble bridges — surrounded by gentle undulations 
and highly cultivated farms, while the distant mountains ''lend 
enchantment to the view " in every direction — with canals, rail- If 
roads and turnpikes radiating to all points of the compass — mar 
kets furnishing an abundance of the choicest products — its unin 
terrupted health, &c., reader it a place of varied attractions. 



HARRISBUBG* 41 

Its history is replete with the romance and thrilling circum- 
stances incident to pioneer times ; but which we have no space 
to enlarge upon. It was laid out by John Harris, and became 
the county seat, in 1785; and also the capital of Pennsylvania, 
in 1812. It contains the usual county buildings, among which 
the Dauphin county prison is a very creditable institution. It 
boasts seventeen churches and mission-houses, two public halls, 
three banks, two larp^e anthracite furnaces, two rolling-mills, a 
number of foundries and machine shops — among which are those 
belonging to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, superintended 
by Charles W. Gordon, Foreman — the "Novelty" and " Eagle" 
works, an extensive car manufactory, one large cotton mill, a 
number of large warehouses suitable to accommodate shipping 
by canal or railroad ; together with the other innumerable com- 
ponents of a large and flourishing borough : it ought to be a 
city. 

Harrisburg sustains two daily and four weekly newspapers- 
spicy and ably edited. Among its institutions are the Harris- 
burg Female Seminary and the Pennsylvania Female College, 
both highly popular and well-conducted schools ; together with 
a male academy and a number of excellent public schools, 
largely attended. There is also a fine Gymnasium, maintained 
by subscription. 

Strangers visiting Harrisburg find their chief attractions on 
Capitol Hill. The superb government buildings, though 
eclipsed in point of striking architecture, ornament and cost by 
those of sister States, are deemed prominent among the most 
substantial and well-arranged in the Union . 

The beautiful elevation upon which they stand, is tastefully 
laid off with gravel walks, shaded with numerous trees, and in- 
closed with a heavy iron fence. The main building contains the 
spacious and elegant Senate and Representative chambers, the 
State Library, (up stairs,) the Supreme Court-rooms, and various 
other apartments for State ofiicers. Visitors to the Hall of 
Representatives are advised to notice the Speaker's venerable 
chair — it being the same one used by John Hancock, as Presi- 

5 



42 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

dent of the Continental Congress, during its momentous sessions 
and the framing of the Declaration of Independence. 

The Senate Chamber contains admirable full-length paintings 
of Washington and Penn ; portraits of Columbus and Vespu- 
eius ; and an interesting delineation of the attempt, by the In- 
dians, to burn John Harris. [This thrilling incident occurred 
on the river shore, below the railroad bridge, where the tree- 
stump still remains — the only monument to the pioneer Harris, 
who reposes at its base.] 

The view from the dome of the Capitol, (to which free access 
is had,) is one which, for extent and grandeur, is very rarely 
surpassed. From this height is obtained full confirmation of the 
assertion relative to Harrisburg's priority in the matter of beau- 
tiful and advantageous location. From this fitting point, also, 
travelers can realize what a position Harrisburg occupies as the 
great interior railroad centre of the Keystone State. 

Look ! Northward extends through yonder mountain-gaps, 
the Northern Central way toward the great Lakes ) through the 
same pass leads the Pennsylvania Railroad to the mighty West ; 
behind the mountain on the right lies the Dauphin and Susque- 
hanna Road, now connected with the East Pennsylvania lines, 
and aiming direct to New York city. Across the river, behold 
the iron-horse speeding up the fertile Cumberland Valley to 
Chambersburg, beyond which is now also progressing the exten. 
sion to Hagerstown, and a further connection with the Baltimore 
and Ohio Road. See, adown the Susquehanna's western bank 
the line to Baltimore ; while upon its eastern shore a double track 
connects with Columbia, Lancaster and Philadelphia. A second 
route, too, extends to Philadelphia, via Lebanon and Heading, 
which latter place will also be another diverging point for the 
new route to New York, already mentioned. Thus railroad 
intercourse is furnished in every necessary direction — eight out- 
let thoroughfares are supplied with the great motive power of 
the age — what more auspicious *' start in life " should Harrisburg 
desire ? 

Strangers are also welcome to the Governor's Chamber, in the 
wing-building toward the Reservoir. Here may be seen the 



HARRISBUBG. 4S 

original charter given by Charles 11. of England, to William 
Penn ; and the portraits of the Grovernors of this Commonwealth, 
from William Penn down to the present able Executive, 
William F. Packer. Also, a number of original State papers, 
Proprietary codes, Indian deeds, and other interesting relics. A 
pleasant jaunt may be taken to the Pennsylvania Lunatic Asylum, 
or to the beautiful " Harrisburg Cemetery," both adjacent to 
town, and worthy of a visit. • 

The principal hotels ia Harrisburg are, the Jones House — 
the finest establishment in interior Pennsylvania — Herr's Hotel, 
Buehler's, Brady House, Omit's, Pennsylvania House, and 
United States Hotel, at the Depot. Beside these are a number 
of excellent private boarding houses. 

Twenty years before the town was laid out, and nearly half a 
century before it became the seat of government, John Harris, 
the original proprietor, predicted that Harrisburg would eventu- 
ally become the capital of the State ; and in 1785, conveyed to 
the Commissioners, '"in trust for public use," the ground which 
is now occupied by the public buildings and the State Arsenal. 

"Mount Ayre Water-works " supply the borough. The 
reservoir has a capacity of 1,582,195 gallons, and the cost of 
the whole was $120,000. 

The Depot of the Company at Harrisburg is an elegant brick 
structure, in the Italian architectural stylo, 400 feet long, 103 
feet wide, having a front of 122 feet. Two stately towers of 77 
and 64 feet crown its elegant proportions; while the interior 
contains a dining room sufiicient to accommodate 250 persons — 
besides the necessary ticket and other offices, receptioa rooms, 
&e. The entire Depot cost over $58,000, and is the finest of 
its kind in the State. 

The Lebanon Valley Company's Depot is a spacious wooden 
structure, 300 feet long and 90 feet wide. 

For the benefit of travelers over the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
who diverge from it at Harrisburg, we give a full table of dis- 
tances on next page. 



44 



RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 



TABLE OF DISTANCES 

O N 

RAILROADS CONNECTING AT HARRISBURG. 



HAKRISBURG TO BALTIMORE. 



Northern Central Railroad. 

Miles from Miles from 

Harrisburg. Baltimore. 

HARRISBURG 82 

1. Bridgeport 81 

16. Yank 66 

26. York 56 

36. Symers 46 

37. Hanover Junction 4.5 

41 . Glenrock 41 

49. Frecland's 33 

54. Parkton 28 

60. Monkton 22 

64. Cockey sville 14 

71. Timoninm 11 

73. Rider's 9 

75. Relay 7 

81. Bolton 1 

82. BALTIMORE 



Cumberland Talley Railroad. 

Miles from Miles from 

Harrisburg. Chambersburg. 

HARRISBURG 52 

1 . Bridgeport 51 

5. Shiremanstown. 47 

8. Mechanicsburg 44 

1 1 . Kingston .41 

Middlesex 

28. Carlisle.... 34 

Good Hope 

25. Alterton ...27 

30, Newville 21 

34. Oakville 15 

41. Shippensburg 12 

47. Scotland 8 

52. CHAMBERSBURG 

74. (Hagerstown.) 



Harrisburg to Reading and Philadelphia. 



Miles from 
Reading. 

54 



I^ebaiion Valley Railroad 

Miles from 
Harrisburg. 

HARRISBURG 

Hummelstown 44 

Palmyra 37 

Annville 33 

26. Lebanon 28 

33. Meyerstown 21 

39. Womelsdorff 14 

42. Robesonia • 12 

54. READING 



9. 
16. 
21. 



Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroad. 

Miles from Milps from 

Reading. Pliiladelphia. 

READING 58 

9. Birdsborough 49 

13. Douglasville 44 

18. Pottstown 40 

24. Limerick 34 

26. Rogers' Bridge 32 

30, Phoenixville 27 

34. Valley Forge 23 

36. Port kennedy 21 

41. Norristown 17 

44. Consobocken 13 

50. Manayunk 7 

58. PHILADELPHIA " 



HARRISBURG. 45 

IVorthern Central Bailrond. | Dauphin and Susquehanna 

l&ailroad. 

Miles from Miles from 

Ilarrisburff. .Auburn. 



Miles from Miles from 

Harrisburg. Elmira. 

HARRISBURG 172 

8. Marysville 164 

9. Dauphin 163 

15. Clark's Ferry 157 

22. Halifax 150 

28, Millersburg 144 

38. Georgetown — 134 

43. Trevorton Junction .... 129 

54. Snnbury 118 

56. Northumberland 116 



HARRISBURG 64 

5. Penna. Railroad .Junction . . 59 

8. Dauphin 56 

21. Rattling Run 43 

24. Yellow Spring 40 

26. Cold Springs 38 

28. Junction 36 

63. Lewisburg 109 „„ -d„„„„i, n^^ or; 

67. Milton .f 105 29- Rausch Gap 35 

71. Watsontown 101 | 41. Pine Grove 23 

78. Montgomery 94 i 47^ ^^yinte Horse 17 

82. Muncv 90 I „ . ^ 

94, Williamsport 78 59- Auburn 5 

172. ELMIRA .. I 64. PORT CLINTON 



Leaving the State capital, will be seen on a fine bluff at the 
right, the Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, one of the 
most elegant structures and well-arranged establishments of its 
kind in the Union. 

It has accommodations for about 250 patients; is supplied 
with water and gas, and has attached to it a large and produc- 
tive farm. Among the patients now under treatment, are some 
who have shone as " bright particular stars" in Pennsylvania 
society ; and one of New York's most gifted sons, Charles Fenno 
Hoffman, once so distinguished a poet and novelist, is also there. 
The institution is open to visitors. . 

Immediately opposite the Hospital, on the left, is the Harris- 
hiirg Park Race-course, which inclosure is also used for the 
Dauphin county agricultural fairs. 

Passing by the village of Coxtown, on tbe bank of the river a 
little distant, we approach a picturesque gap in the Kittatinny 
or Blue Mountain, which constitutes the western boundary of the 
great Dauphin and Cumberland Valley region. This, with the 
two or three mountains beyond, incloses a portion of country 
which was known at an early period as " Saint Anthony's Wil- 
derness," and the whole range designated by the aboriginal 
tribes as the *' Endless Hills." 



46 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Rockville (Philadelphia 112 miles — Pittsburgh 244 miles,) 
is located along the river road, at the eastern end of one of the 
finest railroad bridge structures in the country, and which here 
spans the Susquehanna amid a scene of unrivaled picturesque- 
aess and beauty. We have seen nowhere upon the various rail- 
routes in the Union, a bridge-view equal to the various elements 
of landscape beauty beheld at this place, and which has been 
elegantly lithographed and distributed by the Company. 

One mile above Eockville, at the first settlement of this 
county, stood Fort Hunter, one of those military stations to 
which the pioneers fled when distressed by the Indians. The 
locality may at present be discerned by a row of stately trees on 
the river bank. 

From Hockville extends the Dmi'ph.in and Susquehanna 
Railroad to the town of Dauphin, whence it deflects eastward 
through Stony Creek Valley to Auburn and Port Clinton, a 
point on the Philadelphia and Pottsville Railroad. By this road 
the vast coal region of Schuylkill county, and other sections of 
Eastern Pennsylvania, finds an outlet on the Susquehanna, and 
a consequent access to the Baltimore markets. 

The Susquehanna Railroad Bridge is 8,670 feet in 
length, and was built by Daniel St®ne, Esq., the eminent bridge 
architect, who also erected the Market Street Bridge at Phila- 
delphia. The stone work at the eastern end is of the finsst and 
most durable character; the material of this was brought some 
fifty miles by water, ready dressed for the builder's use. Al- 
though the work was at first retarded by a violent tornado, which 
carried away six spans, the whole bridge was completed in about 
two years. 

The views which travelers obtain up and down the river, while 

passing over this bridge, combine beauty, grandeur and great 

extent ; and the scene is prominent among the finest railroad 

views in America. (See Frontispiece.) 

Travelers along the Susquehanna clo not fail to notice the contrivance 
for catching the tinny tribe, scattered all along the shallow rapids, and 
whi 'h is commonly denominated a " fi^h basket." The victims to this 



ROCKVILLE — COVE. 47 

wily arrangement are principally "slippery eels," which reach their 
prime condition in the fall of the year. The unsuspecting fish come 
idling down the stream, amid the angular precincts, in social glee with 
each other, when suddenly the forcing waters drive them over the plat- 
form of lath, and where they find themselves emphatically " fishes out of 
water." Although for a little while they appear to have a merry time of 
it, kicking and frisking about among each other— Avhile new customers are 
also constantly rolling in — they soon behold a drowsy fisherman emerging 
through the foggy vapor of day-break, from his bed of straw in the cabin, 
and who very leisurely consigns the whole floundering assemblage to a 
bag : this, unhappily for those concerned, seals their eternal fate. Many 
who dwell along the river and its principal trib-itaries, derive most of 
their sustenance from this vocation. 

The Northern Central Railroad Bridge, (Marysville,) 
which spans the river amid the wild magnificence of this Kitta- 
tiny region, is 3,845 feet long, and was completed within the 
space of two years, at a cost of about $160,000. 

This structure crosses the river diagonally, and connects on 
the opposite side with the flourishing little town of Dauphin, 
formerly called Greenshurg. It is the depot for transhipping a 
considerable amount of coal, and is otherwise a pleasant place 
of about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Cove (Philadelphia 117 miles— Pittsburgh 239 miles,) Sta- 
tion is situated in a portion of Perry county, in which Peter's 
Mountain, crossing the Susquehanna, forms a loop or cove, and 
returns again below, near the bridge. 

The geological appearance of this section, and the course of the river 
through the gaps, tells unmistakably of a mighty effort to pierce these 
barriers, (as we may suppose,) immediately after that period when " the 
waters covered the iface of the earth." 

The Cove has been designated as the junction point of the 
Sherman's Valley Railroad, by which it is proposed to con- 
nect the Pennsylvania and Northern Central roads with the 
Broadtop region ; some of the work is now under contract. 

Above Cove station, the rail-track passing around a frowning 
bluff, forces the old wagon road to a. passage eighty feet on 
high, and overhanging the railroad. 

This is one of the " high places " into which the iron-way 
often corners the slower improvements of the days of yore, and 
which, in abject obedience to the "inevitable force of circum- 



48 " RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

stances," are looked upon from a liglitning-train with a mingled 
feeling of ridicule and pity. 

Across the river from this narrow pass, will be seen, at the 
base of the bold elevation called Peter's Mountain, the Northern 
Central Railroad, in a rather similar predicament ; and which, 
in addition to the Pennsylvania Canal, is here obliged to occupy 
the smallest possible amount of space. 

Duncannon, (Philadelphia 121 miles — Pittsburgh 235 
miles,) well known for its iron manufactures, is located at the 
mouth of Sherman's creek, which rises in Franklin county, near 
Roundtop, about forty miles distant. These works, consisting 
of a rolling-mill and extensive nailery, employ a considerable 
number of hands ; they also include the operations of a furnace 
here, and one a mile -or two distant. Anthracite coal is brought 
from the Shamokin region and other distant localities, and laid 
under contribution with the best varieties of ores. Duncannon 
stretches along the Susquehanna until it joins Petersburg, (once 
called '* Peachtown,") from which it is separated by the Little 
Juniata. Both of these villages contain about 1,000 inhabitants, 
are pleasantly situated, and may be regarded as one place. 

Sherman's Yalley and its immediate vicinity, was the scene 
of depredations committed by Shingask, or ''King Shingas," 
as he was called by the whites ; the greatest Delaware warrior 
of his time, and whose exploits, if all recorded, "would form 
an interesting document, though a shocking one." The site of 
Duncannon was occupied for mill purposes as early as 1784. A 
stage line connects Duncannon with the Perry county Warm 
Springs, a place of considerable resort in summer time. 

BaskinsviSfe Station is the railroad outlet for the village of 
same name on Duncan's Island. The place is best known to 
lumbermen and canal navigators. Railroad facilities are ob- 
tained also over the Northern Central Railroad, on the opposite 
side of the river. 

At Baskinsville is seen the mouth of the Juniata river, where, 

" With isle-crowned Su'squelianna wide, 
She links her dianiond-flashins tide." 



DUNCANNON — AQUEDUCT. 49 

and between this stream and the broad river, lies that well 

known and much frequented spot, Duncan'' s Island — created 

by a small channel on the north side, connecting the two rivers. 

The Island, though apparently in Perry county, is really a part of 
Dauphin county, (over the river,) with which it is connected by a steam 
ferry boat, which plies over what is known to lumber-men as " Green's 
Dam," erected to unite the Juniata division with the Central main-line of 
Pennsylvania canal. The bridge which formerly stood here was blown 
down in March, 1859. This ferry was once a great fording place, and 
the locality was called by the Indians, Queenashawakee ; now univer- 
sally known as " Clark's Ferry." 

Juniata Island — now called Duncan's Island, ^in conse- 
quence of being owned by the Duncan family for many years — 
must have been a very Paradise to the sons of the forest. 

Westward, before them, lay their beautiful hunting-grounds in the 
Juniata valley ; toward the south the eye rested upon the Susquehanna 
or " long crooked river," over whose rippling bosom danced the light, 
bark canoe, and whose waters were filled with the choicest of fish. The 
wigwams of two distinct tribes, Shawnees and Conoys, dotted this beau- 
tiful island, and the most friendly intercourse existed between them. 
Their traditions spoke of a terrible battle between the Delawares and 
the Cayugas, fought on this island many years agone, at which time the 
gullies ran red with the blood of mighty warriors, and the bones of the 
slain were entombed in one common grave upon the battle field. — Jones. 

The Rev. Daniel Brainard, a devout and pious missionary, visited this 
island in 1745. Various attempts were made in after years, by the early 
pioneers, to settle upon this desirable spot ; many deadly conflicts were 
had with the Indians, but at the commencement of the Revolutionary 
period, the entire country about the mouth of the Juniata was thickly 
populated by white settlers, who had within their reach ample means of 
defense. 

The Island now embraces several hundred acres of excellent 
farming land ; and during the lumber season, dealers in that 
article resort thither from various river towns below, in order to 
make advantageous purchases. It was also, in former years, a 
place of resort for summer recreation ; the remembrance of Mrs. 
Duncan's hospitality will remain ^* a joy forever." 

Aqueduct (Philadelphia 124 miles — Pittsburgh 232 miles,) 
Station™ between which and Northumberland once plied the line 
of canal packets — -lost its importance when the Northern Cen- 
tral Railroad was completed to the latter point. 

The process of packet traveling to those who have enjoyed it, 
is one of those life-moments which cannot be forgotten. Those 



50 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

delightful reminiscences of bilge-water and mosquitoes, the com- 
forts of narrow berths and the chances of suffocation, crying 
babies, rough-and-ready " Yankees/' steam and the fragrance of 
roasts from the kitchen, an overloaded boat, rainy weather, and 
the thousand other items, " too tedious to mention,'^ make up a 
picture which belongs alone to this "peculiar institution" of the 
past. 

Yet " hours there were to memory dear," when a canal- 
packet ride, with entertaining company, a polite captain, a good 
cook, no hurry of time, fine weather and moonlight nights, was 
considered the consummation of traveling; and when the heart 
gladly reechoed the poet's feelings : 

! boatman, wind that horn again, 

For never did the listening air 

Upon its jo^Bus bosom bear 
So wild, so soft, so sweet, a strain! 
What though thy notes are sad and few. 

By every simple boatman blown. 
Yet is each pulse to nature true, 

And melody iu every tone. 

Bailey's, (Philadelphia 130 miles— Pittsburgh 226 miles,) 
on the residence of Gen. Joseph Bailey, is located where Maho- 
noy and Limestone Ridges approach the river. The Juniata 
Canal and the Harrisburg and Huntingdon Turnpike, find their 
■ course along the left bank of the river. 

We have now fairly launched into the valley of the Juniata. On the 
occasion of a visit to fhe beautiful scenes along this stream, that accom- 
plished English traveler, Hon. Mr. Murray, exclaimed, " To my shame 
be it spoken, I have never looked upon the Juniata until to-day." Many 
others, no doubt, have thus reproached themselves for leaving the fairy 
beauties of this charming region to blush so long unseen. 

The very name of the Juniata — one of those sweet and apposite Indian 
words of which the barbarous taste of the age has left so few — always 
arises with whispers of poetry and romance, to be enjoyed in some 
"gude time a comin'." 

Thirty years ago this region of the Juniata was a great highway, as it 
is now, over the mountains to the Ohio, but then the rude journey of the 
ponderous wagons was a long and painful matter, while to-day the route 
is traversed with all modern ease and speed of locomotion. — T. A. 
Richards. 

Newport (Philadelphia 134 miles — Pittsburgh 222 miles,) 

is situated at the confluence of Little Buffalo Creek with the 

Juniata, and where was formerly the first Indian village located 

above the mouth of the river : the interveaiag country seemed 



51 

to have little attraction for the forest children, so completely is it 
hemmed in by the mountains. 

Newport is the second important town in Perry county, and a 
place of considerable shipment both by railroad and canal. It 
was laid out in 1814, by one Reider, who named it Reidersville. 
When Perry county was sliced off from Cumberland, it was for 
a while the shire-town. It contains 500 inhabitants. The Rail- 
road Company has erected good wood-and-water houses, and made 
it a conspicuous point for this purpose. 

Above Newport the railroad crosses Big Buffalo Creek, by 
means of a splendid stone viaduct of five spans. 

Further on, the attention of travelers is attracted to a Rope 
Ferry, which transfers the canal navigation to the opposite side 
of the river. The water is deepened by a dam, and the rope 
winding around a wheel on each side of the river, the boats at- 
tached are drawn to and fro by water-power supplied from the 
canal. 

Milferstown (Philadelphia 139 miles — Pittsburgh 217 miles,) 
occupies a position on the opposite bank of the river, amid the 
bluffs of the Tuscarora mountains. As early as 1758, William 
Patterson erected a mill at this place, but which was subsequent- 
ly swept away by a flood. The present village was laid out 
nearly sixty years ago, and now contains a population of 400. 
Buffalo Valley, a very productive region, lies back of the town, 
** o'er the hill and far away," extending to Liverpool on the 
Susquehanna. 

Now the railroad enters the Tuscarora Ridge, and continues 
along its northern slope for some miles ; then emerging into the 
famous Tuscarora Valley, which lies in Juniata county. Like 
Perry, this county has its seams of iron-ore and limestone, and 
its furnaces have long enjoyed a golden reputation for the quali- 
ty of the metal they produce. 

Thompsontown (Philadelphia 145 miles — Pittsburgh 211 
miles,) is a small village, situated in a vale across the river, and 
was laid out about the year 1800. 



52 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Near Thompsontown was formerly a remarkable natural phe» 
nomenon, commonly known as the " Roaring Spring," the 
waters of which rose with great force below the surface of the 
river, causing a violent ebullition accompanied with noise. It 
is, however, no longer visible ; the unsparing progress of im- 
provement having entombed it beneath the rocky embankments 
of the road-bed. 

Mexico, (Philadelphia 150 miles — Pittsburgh 206 miles,) a 
small village on the canal, bears the high-toned cognomen of the 
Aztec capital. The first settlement along the river, in this 
county, was made near this place, in 1761, by an adventurous 
Scotch-Irishman, known as Captain James Patterson, who was 
an intrepid pioneer, and exactly what the Indians designated 
him, a " Big Shot." 

The admirers of rural architecture are here delighted with an 
elegant country-house and fine barn, on the river bank — owned 
by James Thompson, Esq., and a credit to his taste. 

Peppyville (Philadelphia 153 miles — Pittsburgh 203 miles,) 
stands at the junction of Tuscarora creek with its parent stream ; 
and in Tuscarora *' Path " Valley (as it was formerly called,) a 
most fertile and beautiful extent of country. At this place a 
good bridge spans the Juniata, and the town is a principal de- 
pot for the storage and shipment of the produce of the surround- 
ing country. 

Airy View Academy is located near Perry ville, and which, 
with Tuscarora Academy, eight miles distant, are reputable 
institutions. 

One mile above Perryville, the road passes along the face of Lane's 
Ridge, an extremely steep and rocky bluff, consisting of variegated 
shales and sand-stones, which present a most singular appearance, 
the strata being bent and curved in every direction, sometimes forming 
semi-circles. 

Tuscarora is an Indian name, its meaning being unknown. The val* 
ley took this name from the Tuscarora Indians who occupied it. It ex- 
tends from the river between Tuscarora Mountain and the Shade and 
Black-log Mountains, in a south-easterly direction, to Fulton county, a 
distance of over forty miles. The valley averages about eight miles in 
width, comprises every variety of soil, and is irrigated by Tuscarora 
creek. The Tuscaroras originally came from the south, and succeeded 



MEXICO — - MIFFLIN^ 63 

the Iroquois in this valley about 1712. But a meagre remnant of this 
once powerful tribe survives a few miles from Niagara Falls, objects of 
pity and charity. Soon the sun of life will set on the last of tlie Tus- 
caroras. 

IVlifflin, (Philadelphia 156 miles— Pittsburgh 200 miles,) 
the capital of Juniata county, occupies an elevated site com- 
manding a fair view of the neighboring mountains and valleys. 
It was laid out about 1791, by John Harris, and named after 
Governor Thomas Mifflin. The town contains an academy, the 
county buildings, and a number of handsome private residences. 
Population 1,000. 

The railroad side of the river is designated Patterson, after 
"Wm. C. Patterson, Esq., a former President of the Company. 
Besides a very fine hotel, the '* Patterson House," kept by 
Gen. Wm. Bell, the Company has also located one of its ma- 
chine repair-shops at this place — under the superintendence of 
Caleb M. Lewis — while comfortable l.ouses have also been 
erected, for the accommodation of its employees. The progress 
of. the new town itself has not altogether realized the earlier ex- 
pectations of its originators. 

Leaving this place, the road pursues the river- course toward 
the north-western boundary of the county, where it enters Mif- 
flin county through a gloomy and protracted passage beween the 
Black-log Mountain on the left, and Shade Mountain on the 
right — known as the " Long Narrows." Few scenes pre- 
sent an appearance of wilder grandeur than those to be wit- 
nessed through this narrow gorge — wherein the railroad, river, 
canal and turnpike are sometimes crowded within a space of one 
hundred yards. 

Along the summits of both tliese mountains are huge rocky promon- 
tories, black and dismal, and broken into irregular peaks, with sharp 
intervening fissures and valleys of denudation. Covered with moss of a 
dark and sombrous color, they give to the scene a stamp of positive wild- 
ness, the beauty of which is increased by the overhanging foliage, sloping 
to the ragged banks of the Jnniata, which leaps over its rocky bed as if 
bewildered with the scene aroiiuu. There are many other scenes in our 
mountain ranges similar to this ; but there is none in this broad conti- 
nent which surpasses it in picturesque oxxtWne.-- Boiven. 



54 BAILROAD HA]Sri>-BOOK. 

Lewlstown (Philadelphia 167 miles — Pittsburgh 189 miles). 
Previous to settlement by the whites, the flat on which Lewis- 
town now stands was occupied by an Indian town of considera- 
ble importance. It was the outlet of a large and fertile valley, 
watered by the Kishicoquillas creek, along which dwelt five or 
SIX tribes. For the safety of early settlers, attracted to this 
fascinating locality, Fort Granville was wected, a mile above 
Lewistown, about 1765. In after years (about 1790,) a town 
was formally commenced by Wm. Lewis, a Philadelphian, who 
gave it his own name, and through whose exertions it was made 
the county-seat, in opposition to Mifflin, now in Juniata county. 

Lewistown is well built, and has the appearance of a busy 
place. 

The splendid water-power found here is used (in addition to 
steam-power,) for sundry flouring mills, and other factories. 
Besides the county buildings, it contains several churches, a 
banking-house, and a number of fine stores. It is also the depot 
for the well-known " Freedom Iron Works," (see advertisement,) 
and for several furnaces which operate in the adjacent country. 
Population, 3,000. 

Few places can vie with Lewistown in respect to beauty of 

location and surrounding scenery, or advantages necessary to 

conduct almost any description of manufactures. An omnibus 

runs between the depot and town. 

Logan, the celebrated Mingo chief, during his youth, accompanied 
his father Shickalemy, a Cayuga chief, on a visit to old Kishicoquillas, 
who resided in the lamous valley which bears his name, back of Lewis- 
town, and through whicli meanders Kishicoquillas creek. Pleased with 
such beautiful grounds, Logan settled here soon after the demise of his 
father's friend. It is unnecessary to recount the familiar scenes of the 
varied history of one whose honored name is perpetuated by (bounties, 
vallevs, towns, paths, mountains, and which will live "until the last 
syllable of recorded time." Logan was the Clay of the Indian peo- 
ple; probably the most eloquent among all their orators, and in natural 
dignity, independence of spirit, and loftiness of purpose, few whites have 
surpassed him. His eloquent outburst to Lord Dunmore, after the mur- 
der of his family by the infamous Colonel Cressap, on the Ohio, is not 
only f^^miliar to every school-boy, but deemed an example of oratorical 
pathos and strength. 



LEWISTOWN — NEWTON HAMILTON. 65 

Anderson's, (Philadelphia 173 miles— Pittsburgh 188 miles,) 
a depot of inconsiderable importance ; located in what is denomi- 
nated the Valley of Lewistown, which comprises the major por- 
tion of the agricultural land in Mifflin county. It is traversed 
by the Juniata, and bounded by Jack's Mountain on the north- 
west and Blue Ridge on the south-east. 

Between Anderson's and M'Veyton, upon a flat near a larj^e spring, 
stood an old Shawnee town. It is mentioned as early as 1731, in the 
report of a number of Indiana accompanying the deposition of some tra- 
ders. The town Avas called Ohesson, on the " Chuniata/' and supposed 
to be sixty miles from the Susquehanna. 

iVI'Veyton, (Philadelphia 179 miles— Pittsburgh 177 miles,) 
formerly called Waynesburg, is situated on the canal and turn- 
pike, three-fourths of a mile from the depot. It is a place which 
in former years flourished by the operations of an extensive fur- 
nace and forge near town. It has, of late years, however, felt 
^^ the times" very severely. Its population is about 500. 
Conspicuous among various caverns in the limestone rocks of 
Mifflin county, is Henawalt's Cave, near M'Veyton, and which 
is large and curious ; a crude quality of saltpetre has frequently 
been found within its windings. 

Manayunk, (Philadelphia 184 miles — Pittsburgh 172 miles,) 
a title familiar in the vicinity of Philadelphia, as being the In- 
dian name for the Schuylkill river ; but the appropriation of it 
to this point we attempt not to determine. Manajung, Mani- 
junk, or Manayunk, is the Indian synonym for "hidden creek." 

Newton Hamilton, (Philadelphia 189 miles — Pittsburgh 167 
miles,) or Hamiltonville, (formerly called Muhlenburg,) is situ- 
ated near a remarkable bend in the river, which, after a south- 
eastern course of several miles, turns suddenly to the north-west 
and approaches within a few hundred yards of its channel above 
the bend. Shipping by the canal constitutes the principal busi- 
ness of the town, which is the depot for an enormous quantity of 
iron, flour, grain, cured meat, and butter, gathered from the 
fertile and productive country around. Population, over 300. 

A few miles further, the road crosses the Juniata, at which 



b6 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

place, also, Schaffer's Aqueduct conveys the canal at a lower 
elevation. Both of these structures are admirable specimens of 
their kind ; the bridge is seventy feet above the water. The 
river at this place divides the counties of Mifflin and Huntingdon. 

Mount U.nion (Philadelphia 192 miles — Pittsburgh 164 
miles,) is a small village at the entrance of the gap of Jack's 
Mountain. From this point stages run to Shirleysburg in the 
Aughwick Valley, and Milnwood Academy at Shade Gap. 

After leaving Mount Union, travelers find themselves em- 
phatically in the midst of mountains — bold, rugged, awful moun- 
tains ! — the steep ascending sides of which are almost entirely 
destitute of vegetation, and covered with immense masses of gray, 
time-worn rocks. 

Here moiiutain on moimtaiji exultingly throws, 

Through storm, mist, and snow, its black crag3 to the skies. 

This pass is called "Jack's Narrows," and named after Captain 
Jack — the "black hunter," the "black rifle," the "wild hunter of Ju- 
niata," the " black hunter of the forest." He entered the woods with a 
few enterprising companions, built his cabin, cleared a little land, and 
amused himself with ;he pleasure of fishing and hunting. He felt happy, 
for he had not a care. But on an evening, when he returned from a clay 
of sport, he found his cabin l)urnt snd his wife and children murdered. 
From that moment he forsook civilized man, lived in caves, protected 
the frontier inhabitants from the Indians, and seized every opportunity 
for revenge that offered. Ee was a terror to the Indians, a protector to 
the whites. Duiing his career he org.^nized a band, famous as " Captain 
Jack's Hunter's," and which he equipped in full Indian style. Their 
hvrd'mg was, however, for scalps of Indians. With this band he also of- 
fered his services, gratuitoudy^ to Braddock, who refused them because 
of their lack of strict milita3y discipline; but the result of the not- 
to-be-advised Englishman's defeat, near Fort Duquesne, proved his 
great error in neglecting to secure the services of just such men. The 
closing scene of this intrepid spirit is shi'ouded in mystery. It is gene- 
rally believed that 

"After life's fitful fever, he sleeps well," 
near a gurgling spring, at the base of the mountain which bears his name, 
and which is a fitting and eternal monument commemorative of his in- 
valuable frontier services, 

Mapleton (Philadelphia 195 miles — Pittsburgh 161 miles,) 
is an unimportant depot for Hare's \^alley; on the north of 
which is the range of the famous " Sidling Hill," well known 
to travelers on the National road, between Hancock and Cumber- 
land, This valley was the former home of an infamous tory, 



MOUNT UNION — HUNTINGDON. 57 

named Jacob Hare, who, through fear of losing this, remained 
lojal to the king, and contributed largely to distress the colo- 
nists. 

The course of the railroad, canal, and river, through the 
mountain gaps here, is extremely tortuous, and rather a *' tight 
place'' for this number of thoroughfares. 

Mill Creek (Philadelphia 199 miles— Pittsburgh 157 miles,) 
Station, located near the stream whose name it takes, is a depot 
outlet for the agricultural products of the west end of Kishico- 
quillas Valley, and also for the smaller vales watered by Mill 
Creek. A furnace back of the village is important to its busi- 
ness. 

Opposite Mill Creek, Terrace Mountain lifts its awful form 
along the river's course ; and which, with Sidling Hill, com- 
pletes a most singular topographical formation, known as 
''Trough Creek Valley." 

With the river now on our left, half-way toward Huntingdon, 
we discern on the opposite bank, the mouth of the Raystown 
Branch, a tributary of the Juniata; named after Ray, who, 
in 1751, built three cabins on its bank, where Bedford now 
stands. Every one familiar with Washington's early career, 
will remember his military march from Raystown (called Fort 
Bedford) to the Youghiogheny river. 

Although the scenery along the Juniata is characterized by 
great beauty, probably no portion of it is more diversified and 
picturesque, than that which is presented to the eye of the trav- 
eler in the vicinity of Huntingdon. As we approach the upper 
waters of the Juniata, the character of the country grows 
much more strongly marked. The hills wear a more imposing 
front, and encroach further upon the area of the valleys. 

Huntingdon (Philadelphia 204 miles — Pittsburgh 152 
miles,) boasts a history which strongly vindicates the truth of 
its present soubriquet, '* ancient borough." It was a well fenown 
Indian post, where the very earliest traders could never ascer- 
tain by Indian tradition how long it had been a village. Here 
existed the celebrated " Standing Stone," which name was given 

6* 



58 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

to its earliest settlement, and is still retained by the stream 
which flows into the Juniata at this place. 

Huntingdon was laid out previous to the Revolutionary war, 
by Rev. William Smith, Provost of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania. He named it after Salina, Countess of Huntingdon, a 
pious English lady, who had subscribed liberally to the Univer- 
sity funds. 

It is a county town of some business, contains a population 
of 2,000, and 's a place of considerable wealth and refined 
society. In addition to the county buildings, it has several 
churches, and an academy. The celebrated Hugh Brady was 
born here, in 1768; who, in addition to his celebrated cam- 
paigns against the Indians, was greatly distinguished by his 
gallantry and bravery during the war of 1812. 

About five miles from ibis ancient aod quiet place, situated 
in the valley of the Standing Stone creek, are the " Warm 
Springs," owned by General A. P. Wilson — a place of consid- 
erable resort — whose waters "are chalybeate, "light on the stom- 
ach, diuretic, and said to contain magnesia." 

Tlie Standhig Stone — that is, the original stone — was, according to 
John Harris, fourteen feet liigh and six inches square. It stood on the 
right bank of Stone creek, near its moutii, and in sucli a position 
as to enable persons to see it at a considerable distance, cither from up 
or down the river. The original Standing Stone, we are induced to be- 
lieve, in addition to serving a similar capacity to that of a guide-board 
at a cross-road, was the official record of the tribe. On it, no doubt, 
were engraved all the important epochs of its history — its wars, its 
mighty deeds, its prowess in battle and its skill in the chase. It might, 
too, have served as a sacred tablet to the memory of many a noble chief 
who fell by the arrow of an enemy. These things were no doubt in ca- 
balistic characters ; and although such inscription may have b2en small, 
its meaning may have taken in almost unbounded scope, as Indian brev- 
ity generally does. — Jones. 

The Huntingdon and Bkoad-Top Railroad — the operations of 
which are conducted with great regularity by its efficient Superintend- 
ent, John J. Lawrence, Esq. — Avas built for the development of a valu- 
able coalfield located in Huntingdon and Bedford counties, and which 
has been deemed eminent among the richest mineral deposits of the 
country. This Broad-lop coal region, independent of its vast deposits 
of a good quality of semi-bituminous and semi-anthracite coal, is said to 
contain also more valuable and extensive beds of iron ore of various 
kinds, than can be found in any other coal region in the State. 



PETERSBURG. 59 

The railroad extends, at present, 32 miles to Hopewell, and has also a 
Branch ten miles in length. Along its route many pleasant villages 
have sprung up. The road is intended finally to accommodate the sum- 
mer travel to Bedford Springs, while it will also afford an outlet to the 
products of three or four fertile counties. The work of extension is now 
in progress. 

About two miles above Huntingdon, we traverse ^^ Warrior 

Ridge, ^^ which derives its name from an Indian " path" which 

ran. along its crest. Would that some Indian historian of an 

early day had transmitted to posterity one half the events which 

we may suppose transpired upon Warrior Kidge ! ^ 

On its summit, about a mile from the river, stand those most singular 
piles well known as the Pulpit Rocks — not unlike the altars of the Druids, 
shaped into fantastic forms by the hand of nature, as well as the wild 
romantic scenery around them, at once suggests the idea of a place of 
meeting of the warriors — a spot where the councils of the brave were 
held, with the green sward of the mountain for a carpet and the blue 
vault of heaven for a canopy. Were we not so well aware of the fact 
that the Indians preferred the low lands of the valleys for places of 
abode, we could almost fancy the neighborhood of " Pulpit Rocks " to 
have been a glorious abiding-place. — Jones. 

Petersburg (Philadelphia 211 miles — Pittsburgh 145 miles,) 
stands upon the old site of Anderson's Fort, at the mouth of 
Shaver's creek, where a settlement was commenced in 1770. 

Here we will bid farewell to the canal and railway, which have 
been our temperate " traveling companions " for a long distance. 
The river and canal sweep off to the left, while the railroad fol- 
lows the rugged path of the Little Juniata. The grand old 
mountain giants, which here behold our divorce from the old- 
fogy canal, and the still more venerable river, smile upon the 
lovely valley to the left, in which lies the neat little town. of 
Alexandria, the social centre of a pleasant country, situated 

'■ Where sweep the waters 
Of tlie Blue Juniata," 

about three miles distant. 

Near that place once lived an old German Indian-trader, 
Hart, whose name the valley perpetuates from this circumstance: 
when he took up his residence along the river, he .hewed down 
an immense tree and turned it into a trough, out of which he 
fed his own and travelers' horses and cattle — hence the name, 
" Hart's Log" Valley, 



60 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Barree Forge, (Philadelphia 214 miles — Pittsburgh 142 
miles,) seen from the road, is operated by G. Dorsey Green, 
Esq. At this forge there is still standing an old Continental 
mill, built about the year 1774, and one of that kind denomina- 
ted a "tub mill." 

The interior arrangements of this relic of the past, are ex- 
tremely unique and interesting, and present a capacity for grind- 
ing, which iu this day and generation might be disrespectfully 
termed a "one-horse concern." However, it bad its day of 
glory, when the early fathers traveled long distances to obtain 
its services; and we love them and it for the dangers and vicissi- 
tudes they surmounted when all was an unconquered wilderness. 

Huntingdon is cue of the chief iron counties of the State, for the man- 
ufacture of which valuable metal it possesses every advantage. The ore 
is of the best quality and in great abundance. Wood for the foi-mation 
of cliarcoal is equally plenty, and limestone is found in every township. 
Water-power for propelling the necessary machinery is abundant, and 
the fertile soil of the valleys produces all the necessaries of life. Added 
to all this are the great facilities for getting to market, afforded by the 
railroad and canal ; the whole forming a combination of advantages not 
often surpassed. The number of iron works already in operation is 
therefore considerable, and will beyond all doubt increase. 

Leaving Barree Forge, we follow the Little Juniata through 
a gorge of Tussey's Mountain. In this same ridge, about two 
miles southward, the Big Juniata breaks through a narrow 
defile, called Water Street, for the reason that, during very low 
water in summer-time, the early emigrants to the West passed 
directly through the almost waterless bed of the stream. The 
scenery at this spot baffles description, and has often been made 
the theme of the poet and a subject for the painter. 

About two miles above Barree, the river (Little Juniata,) in 
passing through this gorge, makes a very circular bend; but 
instead of following its course, the railroad pierces a spur of the 
mountain by a tunnel. This perforation is 1,264 feet in length, 
16 feet in height, and 20 feet wide. 

Spruce Creek (Philadelphia 216 miles — Pittsburgh 140 
miles,) Station takes i:s name from the stream which drains the 
valley back of it, and empties into the Little Juniata at this 
point. Spruce Creek Valley contains some very extensive iron 



BARREE FORGE- — BIRMINGHAM. 61 

fui'Daces, whose business finds its outlet here. A railroad is 
contemplated from Spruce Creek to Lewisburg, and by which a 
link would be formed direct between Eastern and Western 
Pennsylvania, avoiding the circuitous connection via Harrisburg. 
This road, traversing Centre and Union counties, would open 
up an avenue through one of the most fertile grain regions in 
the State. 

Union Furnace (flag station,) is our entrance-point into the 

county of Elair. While passing, we are here reminded of the 
adjacent " Sinking Spring Valley," in which was built, in 1778, 

Fort Eobertdeau — then the largest and best defended frontier 
post. 

As early as 1750, it is believed, the French sought, through 
the Indians, to obtain a clew to certain lead mines in this valley, 
from which many Indian tribes doubtless procured lead for bul- 
lets, when the white settlers were entirely destitute. To reverse 
this advantage, many an Indian's jug was filled with whisky, on 
promise of sharing the lead mines — promises, however, that were 
always "kept to the ear, but broken to the hope." 

The Arch Spring and the cave in Sinking Valley, are probably among 
the greatest curiosities to be found in any country. The spring gushes 
from an opening arched by nature, in such force as to drive a mill, and 
then sinks into the earth again. The subterranean passage of the 
water can be traced for some distance by pits or openings, when it again 
emerges, runs along the surface among rocky hills, until it enters a large 
cave having the appearance of an immense tunnel. This cave has been 
explored as far as it will admit — some four hundred feet — where there is 
a large room, and where the water falls into a chasm or vortex, and finds 
a subterranean passage through Canoe Mountain, and emerges again at 
its southern base, along which it winds down to Water Street and emp- 
ties into the Juniata river.-*-Jbnes. 

Birmingham (Philadelphia 221 miles — Pittsburgh 135 
miles,) is romantically situated *' high and dry" in the midst of 
an extensive iron country. It is located in the township of 
"Warrior's Mark," Huntingdon county, which the river divides 
here from Blair. In 1824 it contained but nine houses, was 
incorporated in 1(S28, and now boasts 200 inhabitants ! The 
Female Seminary, at the right of the town, is delightfully located, 
and in a floarishino; condition. 



62 RAILROAD HAND BOOK. 

Warrior's Mark was another celebrated place in Indian his- 
tory, and a spot where (it is supposed) the Nestors of the vari- 
ous tribes convened to debate measures and devise their schemes 
for future movements. The name originates from certain oak 
trees in the vicinity having a crescent-shaped hitchet-mark upon 
them, and so deep that traces can still be discerned. Their 
signification was known only to the Indians ; and (it is also re- 
lated,) every tima a band of savages came into the valley, 
one or more fresh '^ warrior -marks " were put upon the trees. 

Accompanying the meanderings of the petite river, we enter 
a narrow pass between Brush Mountain on the left, and Bald 
Eagle Mountain on the right, and in which Tyrone Forges is 
located. Emerging again into a valley country, we find at the 
mouth of Little Bald Eagle creek, the young city of 

Tyrone, (Philadelphia 224 miles — Pittsburgh 132 miles,) 
situated in the county of Blair, and a very spirited and thriving 
place, which has sprung up since the construction of the rail- 
road. Tyrone contains about 1,000 inhabitants, several hotels, 
a foundry, machino-shop, planing' mill, churches, &c. An ex- 
cellent plankroad radiates from Tyrone to Bald Eagle Furnace, 
five miles distant, and thence to the Clearfield district. A 
railroad is also in rapid progress, to connect Tyrone with Lock 
Haven, on the West Branch of the Susquehanna ; and the work 
upon which has so far progressed, that it is confidently expected 
the shrill neighing of the iro7i horse will be heard throughout 
the whole length of Bald Eagle Yalley before the 1st of Octo- 
ber, 1859. 

This road (says President Thomson,) penetrates a region rich 
in products of the mine and forest, and when brought into use, 
will doubtless be a valuable tributary to the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, developing a portion of the State which has hitherto been 
without the facilities of reaching a market. 

Back of Tyrone is to be found one of the many subterranean 
wonders which exist in this mountain-country, in the shape of a 
run, which sinks into the base of a limestone ridge, passes be- 
neath a hill and makes its appearance again at the edge of the 
town. 



TYRONE — FOSTORIA. 60 

From Tyrone we fairly commence " a getting up in the 
world," and as we now ascend the milder slope of the Alle- 
gheny, we are nearly 900 feet above tide-water. 

From the mouth of Bald Eagle creek to i^ltoona, we traverse 
the noted " Tuckahoe Valley," in which, it is said, lived two 
such intrepid pioneers and notorious In&ian-haters, that although 
the old Kittanning path ran directly through Tuckahoe, the 
" cowardly redskins " alwajs avoided it, fearing to iind those 
old and experienced hunters ambuscaded along their route ! 
The general width of the valley is about three miles ; the north- 
ern side is a clay soil, topping deposits of bituminous coal, while 
the southern portion is generally rich limestone land, containing 
extensive beds of iron ore, from which are drawn the supplies 
for neighboring furnaces. 

Tipton, (Philadelphia 228 miles — Pittsburgh 128 miles,) 
the name of an early settler, is perpetuated by the title of a 
neighboring stream, and of this station. It is a railroad-village 
located on the property of Wm. P. Dysarfc, Esq., and intended 
principally as an outlet for the Clearfield lumber district, which 
is connected with this point by a plankroad ov«r the Allegheny 
Mountains. 

The " Phoenix Lumber Company '' has extensive mills thir- 
teen miles distant, which forward, from Tipton, many varieties 
of lumber to the Philadelphia and Baltimore markets. Four 
flouring and saw-mills and an extensive planing mill contribute 
to the general business, 

Fostorla, (Philadelphia 230 miles— Pittsburgh 128 miles,) 
a railroad village named after Wm. B. Foster, Jr., Vice Presi- 
dent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company ; and another point 
where considerable business is transacted in lumber. 

The valley here traversed is called " Logan's Valley," in 

honor of 

Captain Logan, a very prominent friendly Indian who resided here ; 
and who was noble and warm in his attachments, but, like all his kindred, 
revengeful in his character. He was formerly chief of a warrior-band 
on the Susquehanna, but having lost one of liis eyes in an engagement, 
was considered disgraced and deposed ; owing to which cause, he retired 
to the wilder section of the Juniata Valley. He became identified with 



t)4 RAILROAD HAKD-iBOOK. 

our Revolutionary cause, and was instrumental in furthering its success 
in this region. Subsequently Logan retired to Chickalocamoose creek, 
(near Clearfield,) and was interred on its banks. Unlike Logan, the 
Mingb chief, Captain Logan, the Cayuga chief, had no biographer like 
Thomas Jefferson to embellish the pages of history with his eloquence. 
It is to be regretted that more of his history has not been preserved, for 
according to all accounts of him, he possessed many noble traits of char- 
acter. ^ 

Bell's IVIins (Philadelphia 231 miles— Pittsburgh 126 miles,) 
Station, called after the proprietor of the land, B. F. Bell, Esq., 
one of the most energetic and progressive among men. Consid- 
orable business is done here in wood and lumber. 

On the slope of a hill at the right, travelers will notice a pyr- 
amidal building, in which, for years, worked the nacessary ap- 
paratus for boring an Artesian Well. A depth of 1,200 feet 
has been reached, and, too, throagh a vast deal of solid rock, 
but water not yet obtained. 

Continuing up the valley — with the Brush Mountain on our 
left, and the gigantic AUeghenies frowning upon us at the right 
' — we pass *• Elizabeth Furnace," owned by Martin Bell, Esq. 
This gentleman (we are told,) avers that a furnace can, audi his 
furnace does, " remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy " — 
a matter not universally believed among furuice owners, or re- 
garded, i/* believed. 

Blair Furnace (Philadelphia 237— Pittsburgh 119 miles,) 
is located emphatically on the railroad, for we pass beneath the 
'' bridge" leading to its tunnel-head. It is owned by H. N. 
Burroughes, Esq. 

The only massacre ever committed by savages in Tuckahoe 
Valley, occurred near this spot, in 1778, despite the vigilance 
of the famous twin " Indian-killers, "(before mentioned,) and who, 
even in this instance, were at the bloody scene upon the very 
heels of the murderers ! 

In Brush Mountain, near this spot, is probably the heaviest 
deposit of iron ore in Western Pennsylvania, owned by Elias 
Baker, Esq., and although it has been efl&ciently worked for 
more than a generation, seems inexhaustible. 



bell's mills -— altoona. 65 

ALTOONA, (Philadelphia239 miles— Pittsbutghin miles,) 
the great centre of the road's operations, is one of those children 
of modern progress which have been ^' born into the world" 
along all the great railroads in the country. Some half dozen 
years ago^ its site was marked only by a dilapidated log hut, 
whose " solitary" inhabitant was the precursor of the five 
thousand industrious citizens which the town now contains. 

Marking, as this point does, an important change in the char^ 
acter of the road-grades, east and west, and proving an essential 
locality for the Main Shops of the Company, it was obliged, from 
the force of circumstances, to become the important place it 
now is. 

The office of the General Superintendent, Thomas A. Scott, 
Esq. — -than whom there is no more able and efficient railroad 
officer in the country — 'is located here, and occupies the hand' 
some building just in rear of the hotel. 

The mechanical operations at this place comprise machine and 
car-shops, iron and brass foundries, shops for blacksmiths, pain- 
tors, trimmers, pattern-makers, tinners, and workers in sheet- 
iron, departments for setting up locomotives, and for making 
boilers and iron bridges; together with a company store-room 
— from which the shops at other places are principally supplied 
— and the necessary offices to preserve the varied accounts. 
There are also two engine-houses, the larger of which is an extra 
building, able to accommodate twenty-six locomotives and ten- 
ders. 

The immediate supe'vvision of the machine-shop here is con- 
ducted by Lewis C. Brastow; car-shop, by J. L. Piper; paint- 
shop, by Ralph Greenwood ; and the Accounts, by B. F. Custer, 
chief clerk of Motive Power. 

Much of the general carpentering of the road is prepared here. 

To the great^ credit of the numerous employees of the road, 
we record the existence of the " Altoona Mechanics' Library 
and Reading Room Association," an organization aided by the 
Company, and which is in abjanding prosperity. (See card to 
the public, among advertisements.) 



66 RAILROAD HANI>BaOK. 

The town contains four churches and a newspaper. The Lo- 
gan House, owned by the Company, is one of the most complete 
hotel buildings to be found. 

From Altoona there is both a plankroad and a branch railroad 
to Hollidaysburg, eight miles distant. Travelers to Bedford 
Springs often go there, via Altoona and Hollidaysburg, from 
which latter point extends a plankroad and turnpike, twenty- 
eight miles to that delightful watering-place. 

HOLLIDAYSBURC^ BRANCH ROAD. 

Leaving Altoona, in the direction of Hollidaysburg, we pass 
near Allegany Furnace, situated in '' Pleasant Yalley," and the 
property of Elias Baker, Esq. This gentleman has here also 
one of the finest flouring-mill structures in the State. 

Duncansvilie (on Branch-road, 6 miles from Altoona,) is 
situated at the eastern foot of the series of inclined planes, by 
which the mountains were formerly crossed over the old Portage 
Railroad. 

This place is about 1,200 feet above tide, and contains a pop 
ulation of 500. It is ever-memorable among the older patrons 
of the road, for its celebrated Mountain House — a hotel at 
which, in winter-time, regularly occurred sundry " indignation 
meetings," held by the passengers of such trains as, during 
inclement weather and deep snows on the mountaiLS, were 
unavoidably belated, and "missed the connection" with trains 
eastward. 

Hollidaysbupg, (on Branch-road, 8 miles from Altoona,) 
which now also includes the village of Gaysport, is located on a 
branch of the Big Juniata, and at the head of canal navigation. 

It was laid out by Adam Holiiday, an early Scotch settler, 
who when driving his first stake into the ground remarked, 
*' Whoever is alive a hundred years after this, will see a tolera- 
ble-sized town here" — a prediction which has been singularly 
verified before the expiration of the allotted time. The place 
contains 5,000 inhabitants, and is the centre of a country teem- 
ing with mineral and agricultural resources, its mechanical 
establishments comprise several foundries and machine-shops ; 



DUNCANS VILLE — HOLLIDAYSBURG. 07 

while the canal business demands the facilities afforded by seve- 
ral immense forwarding warehouses, sundry docks, &c. It is 
the county seat, and also contains a number of fine churches and 
excellent schools. 

There are in the country about Hollidaysburg, several smaller 
towns which contribute to its business. *' Chimney Rocks, '^ 
which form a sort of a natural rampart, crowning an immense 
hill near by, are a matter of interest and speculation with the 
lovers of nature. 

mml^ route, comTmuED. 

Bidding adieu to the busy operations of industrious Altoona, 
we begin to climb the Allegheny Blountains ; and although we 
ascend at the rate of about 95 feet per mile, we scarcely per- 
ceive a diminution of speed in the iron horse. 

Clambering along the mountain sides, as we look back over 
the hills and valleys which our elevation enables us to view at 
the left, we begin to descry those magnificent scenes of land- 
scape beauty which have enraptured the soul of every tourist. 
Afar down behind us is seen the crown-points of the lovely val- 
ley where, (as every body has sung,) 

*''Wild roved an ladian girl, bright Alfarata," 

and where, as we passed along, we found its history replete with 
most thrilling reminiscences of the past, and interesting and sat- 
isfactory in its index of the present. 

The Future of the Juniata Valley no man knoweth. We even tax the 
Yankee characteristic in vain, when we attempt to "guess" its future. 
Many yet unborn may live to see the fires of forges and furnaces without 
number ilkiminating the rugged mountains, and hear the screams of a 
thousand steam-engines. They may live, too, to see tlie day when pop- 
ulation shall have so inci'eased, that the noble stag dare no longer ven- 
ture down from the mountain to slake his thirst at the babbling brook, 
and when the golden-hued trout, now sporting in every mountain- 
stream, shall be extinct. — Jones. 

I should just like to ask, (says the author of the "Switchman's 
Story,") whether there's nothing grand and picturesque in an 
express train going at full speed along — say the ridges of the 
Alleghenies ? Nothing romantic in a tunnel or deep cutting, 
where, for anything you know, you may be whizzing, cheek by 
jowl, past the skeleton of some mammoth or mastodon, or other 



08 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

iiionfetiousi critter that scholars tell of V Why, only yesterday, 
I heard a gentleman saying that the poet Dante — I think that was 
the name — might have got a new idea of the entrance into hell 
from the rush of a locomotive into a dark tunnel ! I don't know 
about that mypelf, and really am not very curious about the for- 
mer locality ; but this I'll maintain, that there's as much 
romance about railroads — if people care to look for it — as about 
anything. Talk about railroads taking romance out of a country 
— what all-fired nonsense ! Just as if one got romance, like fever 
and ague, in swamps; or found it along break-neck corduroy 
roads; or in uncleared forests; 'mong bears, rattlesnakes, cata- 
mounts and such-like varmint ! Tell you what, folks who say 
that don't know what they're talking about. 

Kitlanning Point, (Philadelphia 243 miles— Pittsburgh 113 
miles,) a water station, at the head of a *' loop" made by the 
road in crossing a valley, and from either side of which opposite 
trains [resent a very unique appearance while they bound along 
the mountain's side. The " Point" itself is reached afc the top 
of a very heavy grade ; arriving at which, no one should omit 
witnessing the view here afforded — over an apparently illimitable 
expanse of country — and, without doubt, the grandest on the 
line of the ro-d. 

Of this, the accomplished geologist, Dr. Jackson, writes : " The poet 
and painter are here presented with a boundless field, as the element of 
beauty seems alone to have been recognized and consulted in its crea- 
tion. 

" Immediately below reposes the range of beautiful valleys at the south- 
east base of the Alleghenies, their north-west margins sloping up to the 
mountain in a range of round, soft, billowy hills, as it were the gentle 
heavings cf a summer sea, breaking against the shore upon whose rocky 
heights the beholder stands. It is also beautiful to perceive, that in the 
space between the lines which represent the distance between the mountain 
summits, the tint, from the increased distance, becomes deeper and deep- 
er, until lost in the clear blue of ether. As the eye follows the azure 
steps of this kingly portal to the skies, line rising above line, it can 
scarcely be realized, that within each of these tints of deeper blue, 
t't ere reposes a range of the richest and loveliest limestone valleys of 
Pennsylvania. Often, with bars cf clouds reposing on the horizon, it is 
impossible for the eye to distinguish the distant lines, or iix where, the 
earth ceases and the heavens commence," 

The celebrated '-'■ Indian PaihH'' from Kittanning to Philadelphia — the 
great western highway for footmen and pack-horses — must have been a 
famous road in its day. It commenced at Kittanning, on the Allegheny 



KITTANNING POINT — TUNNEL. 69 

river, and crossed the mountains in a south-eastern direction, the descent 
on the eastern slope being through a gorge at what is now known as Kit- 
tanning Point. 

Here, this path, although it is seldom that the foot of any one but un 
occasional hunter or fisher treads it, is still the same path that it was 
when the last dusky warrior who visited the Juniata Valley turned his 
face to the west, and traversed it for the last time. It is filled up with 
weeds in summer-time, but the indentation made by the feet of thousands 
upon thousands of warriors and pack-horses, which have traveled it for 
an unknown number of years, are still plainly visible. There are still to 
be seen the ruins of old huts, and the roads, which evidently never re- 
ceived the impression of a wagon-wheel, and the very stones along which 
bear the marks of the iron-shod horses of the Indian-traders. 

From Kittanning Point " the path" diverged toward Hollidaysburg, 
and thence pursued its well known course down the valleys and along 
the streams of the Juniata country, — Jones. 

After rounding " the Point," travelers will observe upon the moun- 
tain-side across the valley, the road-cuttings of the New Portage, which-— 
after seeing the mountains crossed without planes by the Pennsylvania 
Railroad — the State directed to be made, in order to avoid the delay and 
difficulties incident to the passage over the old inclined-plane road. 
However, before this second road was completed, the main-line of State 
improvements was purchased by the Pennsylvania Company ; and so 
much of the iron as had already been laid, was removed to the western 
portion of the Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, to assist in closing up 
the grand route between Philadelphia and Chicago. 

Alas ! for the glory of Moncure Robinson, the very colossus of roads 
and stately engineer imported from England to build the venerable Port- 
age Railroad and its ten inclined planes ! Now, a Yankee engineer 
transports us over the heads of these rugged old Titans, without a single 
plane or other extra contrivance. The grandeur of the immortal Thom- 
son's success is really magnified by the simplicity with which it is accom- 
plished. 

Hurrying on, we notice " Harriette Furnace," (formerly Ben- 
nington,) snugly ensconced among the mountains, and now 
owned by the Blair County Coal and Iron Company. 

Before entering the lengthened darkness of the Great Tun- 
nel, it is gratifying to know something of it. This perforation 
through the rocky bowels of these grand old mountain giants 
ranks high among similar triumphs of engineering throughout 
the world. Its total length is 3,612 feet, width 24 feet, height 
above the rails 21 i feet. Distance below the summit of the 
mountain, 203 feet. The work of boring was aided by three 
shafts : depth of eastern 150 feet, middle 196 feet, western 185 
feet It was commenced Oct. 14, 1851, and finished Jan. 21, 
1854, at a cost of about $540,000. 



70 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Gallitzin (Philadelphia 250 miles— Pittsburgh 106 miles,) 
is a station created at the western end of the Tunnel, and named 
in honor of Rev. Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin, said to have 
been a Russian prince, and -who, with a laudable desire to devote 
his means to charitable purposes, settled at Loretto in 1789. 

In the capacity of a Roman Catholic priest, he became a ben- 
efactor throughout this section ; and such was the extent of his 
benevolence, that it was said of him, " If his heart had been 
made of gold, he would have coined it for the poor." After a 
long life, mostly spent in the discharge of his sacred duties, 
amid the bleak summits of the AUeghenies, he died in 1840, 
aged 72. 

Gallitzin Station is in Cambria county, the line between 
which and Blair runs along the top of the ridge pierced by the 
Tunnel. 

Between Gallitzin and Cresson, and thereafter, travelers will observe 
" the remains" of the New Portage Railroad, before alluded to. En pas- 
sant, we may take occasion to speak of the Old Portage Railroad. This 
trans-montane operation was designed to connect the canals terminating 
at HoUidaysburg and Johnstown, and was, in its day, deemed a magnifi- 
cent triumph of engineering. 

The railroad was nearly forty miles in length, and overcame 1,398 feet 
of eastern ascent, and 1,172 feet of western descent. The rise and fall 
was obtained by means of ten inclined planes, lifting from 130 to 307 
feet, and varying in inclination between 4^ and 5-6 degrees. The short-^ 
est plane was 1,585 feet long, and the longest 3,100 feet. The tunnel 
through the mountain, at the staple bend of the Conemaugh, was 870 
feet long and 20 feet high. The cars were elevated by stationary steam- 
engines at the head of each plane, and locomotives and horses were used 
on the intervening levels. Its total cost, including stationary engines, 
exceeded $1,500,000. 

Cresson, (Philadelphia 253 miles — Pittsburgh 103 miles,) 
named after Elliot Cresson, of Philadelphia, stands at the cross- 
ing-point of the railroad over the old Pittsburgh turnpike. 
Here resides the enterprising and intelligent Dr. R. M. S. Jack- 
son, and who, as proprietor of the celebrated Springs and hotels 
at this place, has made it a desirable resort among the seekers 
of health and the lovers of nature. 

These " Allegheny Mountain Springs" are more than 2,000 
feet above tide ; surrounded by original forests, where 

" The niuruiuriug pine, and the hemlock" 



GALLITZIN — SUMMERHILL. 71 

kiss the purest breezes of the upper air. The water is almost 
free from the presence of earthy substances, and the purest on 
the mountains. The largest spring here is said to be the foun- 
tain head of the Conemaugh river. Dr. Jackson's enterprise 
has been chartered as the Allegany Mountain Health Institute ; 
and the contemplated village is christened Bhododendron. 

About a mile distant, on the turnpike, is Summit village, a 
never-to-be-forgotten place with those who tasted the pleasures 
of a drag over the Old Portage Eailroad. 

Lilly's, (Philadelphia 258 miles — Pittsburgh 100 miles,) 
a station of little importance, at the foot of old plane No. 4, on 
the western mountain-slope. Lilly Station being the first fairly 
among the streams flowing adown toward the Ohio, we are in- 
duced to quote from the writings of Dr. Jackson : 

On the western side of the Allegheny mountains, the streams have 
slower and gentler currents, presenting irregular courses, and with more 
winding and circuitous channels. As the high table lands fall off more 
gradually from the Allegheny spurs westward to the Mississippi, the 
streams flow through the irregular washes of denudation which separate 
the labyrinth of hills more slowly. Many of these streams are quiet and 
sluggish, appearing as mere passive and dead drains of the surface. 
Their waters appear different from those of the eastern shed, where they 
flow through the beds of the larger currents. Descending these streams, 
the waters become turbid from the intermingling of the softer mineral 
elements which form this region. 

Portage (Philadelphia 260 miles — Pittsburgh 96 miles,) 
Station, at the foot of old plane No, 2, (it will be remembered 
the planes were numbered from west to east,) is also on the 
head waters of the Conemaugh river, which the railroad follows 
to Blairsville Branch Intersection, over 40 miles distant. 

A considerable amount of coke is produced in this vicinity, 
from the coal mined. 

Wilmore (Philadelphia 263 miles — Pittsburgh 93 miles,) 
is the depot for the town of Jefferson, which contains about 1,000 
inhabitants. A plankroad extends from this place to Ebensburg, 
the capital of the county, and thence to Loretto and Clearfield. 
Wilmore is an outlet for considerable trade from the large sec- 
tion of country northward. 

Summerhill (Philadelphia 266 miles — Pittsburgh 90 miles,) 



72 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

adjoins the old " Half-way House" on the Portage Road, and is 
in Cambria county. Cambria contains that which is rare in 
Pennsylvania, a deserted village — the town of Beulah near 
Ebensburg, the establishment of which as the county-seat caused 
Beulah to be abandoned. Like its prototype which Goldsmith 
has immortalized. 

Obscure it sinks, nor shall it more impart 
An hour's importance to the poor man's heart — 
Thither no more the peasant shall repair 
To sweet oblivion of his daily care. 

****** 
These far departing seek a kinder shore, 
And rural mirth and manners are no more. 

Viaduct, (Philadelphia 269 miles — Pittsburgh 87 miles,) 
or Big Viaduct, spans the Conemaugh with a single arch of 80 
feet in length, and nearly 75 feet above the water ; and is con- 
sidered one of the finest specimens of massive architecture in 
the country — durable as the eternal foundation upon which it 
rests. 

Passing through a cut of drift-shale rock of over 100 feet — a 
depth of excavation seldom witnessed elsewhere — the road crosses 
a splendid iron bridge, having an elevation of 73 feet. 

Mineral Point (fiag station). Passing by, reminds us that 
we are within the great Allegheny Bituminous Coal Region — that 
vast and extraordinary assemblage of vegetable matter, which 
with the anthracite of Eastern Pennsylvania, statistics have 
shown to be more valuable than the gold of California ! 

The greatest length of the Allegheny coal-field is seven hundred and 
fifty six miles; its greatest breadth one hundred and seventy-three, and 
its average breadth about eighty-five miles. There are some thirty or 
forty points Avhere coal is reguUirly mined, the average thickness of the 
veins worked being about ten feet — some of them being twenty-two, 
while those along the Conemaugh and Portage liaih'oad near us, are 
from ten to fifteen feet thick. The greatest amount raised is consumed 
in and around Pittsburgh, and sent down the Ohio, although a large 
share is shipped eastward, by way of the Juniata avenues and the Sus- 
quehanna. — Boiven. 

Conemaugh (Philadelphia 275 miles — Pittsburgh 81 miles.) 
is the site of the Company's repair-shops for this portion of the 



VIADUCT — JOHNSTOWN. 78 

Western Division. Although we may here consider ourselves 
down from the mountains, we are yet 1,226 feet above tide. 

From this point and Johnstown, the Conemaugh expands to 
more noticeable dimensions. Over the stream we notice the 
route of the Portage Railroad, which formerly connected its 
business with the canal at Johnstown. 

Johnstown, (Philadelphia 277 miles — Pittsburgh 79 miles,) 
the largest place in the county, is situated on a broad jQat, en- 
circled by mountains, at the confluence of Stony Creek and the 
Conemaugh. It occupies the site of an old Indian locality, 
called Kickenapawling' 8-town^ and derives its name from its 
founder, Joseph Johns. 

The place contains various basins, and other matters connected 
with the former canal navigation — warehouses, boat yards, &c. 
The dwellings are generally of brick, and the town considered, 
healthy. The State had a large depot here for repairing loco- 
motives, and other machinery necessary for launching and haul- 
ing up the section-boats which crossed the mountain on trucks. 
Population, 7,000. 

After leaving the depot; and crosbing a splendid iron bridge, 
is seen the extensive works of the Gamlria Iron Company — 
one of the largest in America. 

The Company's property, embracing about 25,000 acres, was 
purchased a few years ago for $300,000, and is a most singular 
and valuable tract. It comprises the richest deposits of iron 
ore, bituminous coal, hydraulic cement, fire-brick clay and lime- 
stone, all contiguous. From these sources the Company works 
seven blast furnaces, which employ 1,500 operatives. This seat 
of enterprise and industry is called Millville. The Company 
has additional furnaces in the vicinity, and a bridge over the 
Conemaugh in order to reach tjie railroad. 

A short distance from Johnstown, commences the slack-water 
navigation of Conemaugh river, which in its picturesque meander- 
ings, yielding to the necessities of internal commerce, is forced 
to lay aside its poetical rippling and become a prosy " raging 
canawi." 



74 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Following, parallel with the "river-canal, we traverse a long 
narrows, through a gap in Laurel Hill Ridge, in which we pass, 
(as in a former instance,) under the '^bridge" of 

Conemaugh Furnace, (Philadelphia 284 miles — Pittsburgh 
72 miles,) owned by C. Ihmsen, of Pittsburgh, and which, when 
in blast, furnishes a livelihood to some 200 operatives, and 
maintains a rather important local trade. We here part com- 
pany with the canal navigation, which enters the land-tracts over 
the river. 

Emerging from Laurel Hill, which is a county dividing-line, 
we enter upon Westmoreland, now a very fertile and valuable 
mineral district, but which, previous to 1758, was a wilderness, 
trodden only by the wild beast, the savage, and an occasional 
white trader or frontier-man. 

Nineveh, (Philadelphia 286 miles—Pittsburgh 70 mile?,) 
situated on the Conemaugh, among the lesser slopes of Ligonier 
Valley, is a considerable depot for the lumber and other products 
of the Black Lick Greek section of country, back of Nineveh. 
Two miles distant is the village of Armagh, an old Irish settle- 
ment, bearing a very broguish name. 

Florence, (Philadelphia 290 miles — llttsburgh 66 miles,) 
a new railroad town and outlet for Centreville, a small place lo 
cated on the river at some distance. It is surrounded by a fine 
mineral region, in which there are several furnaces. From Flo- 
rence, roads diverge to Ligonier and other towns southward, and 
to Indiana county on the north. It was once projected to form 
a new county out of the beautiful and productive Ligonier Val- 
ley, and to make Florence the capital. 

Lockport (Philadelphia 295 miles— Pittsburgh 61 miles,) 
is situated in a gently undulated country approaching Chestnut 
Ridge. Here the canal crosses the river by one of the finest 
stone aqueducts in the country, of five spans, and which (it is 
said,) does not leak a drop. The little clusters of creeping 
weeds and water-plants clinging to its sides, gives it quite a ro- 
mantic and poetic appearance. The moving spirit of this place 



CONBMAUGH I^URNACE — BOLIVAR. T5 

is the Hon. John Covode, who has built a capacious and sub* 
stantial brick warehouse, to accommodate the local trade. An 
iron furnace is also located here, and near the town lies a con- 
siderable yein of coal of excellent quality. Lockport is connected 
by roads leading south through Covodeville to Ligonier and the 
southern turnpike. 

Bolivar (Philadelphia 297 miles— Pittsburgh 59 miles,) is 
located contiguous to a circuitous defile through the great Chest- 
nut Ridge, and along the north-eastern side of Ligonier Valley, 
Considerable business arises at this point from the manufacture 
of fire-bricks. Slack-water navigation is also resumed, and con-* 
tinues until we cast upon it our " last, long, lingering look," 
near B lairs vilie Intersection. 

The beautiful Ligonier Valley has a north-east and soufeb- 
west course, and consists of a very long and narrow belt of land, 
lying between the parallel elevations above mentioned. It com- 
mences in Virginia, traverses the eastern portions of Fayette and 
Westmoreland, and finally spreads out into the adjoining county 
of Indiana. During the Revolution, and for many years prior 
to it, this extensive valley was the scene of many interesting and 
stirring events. 

During the passage through this gorge in Chestnut Ridge, 

travelers cannot fail to be delighted with the wild magnificence 

of the mountain sides, and experience the height of enthusiasm 

on beholding what is termed the ''Pack-saddle." At this place 

an almost perpendicular bluff towers to an immense height, 

frowning upon the locomotive as it encircles its rocky sides, while, 

at a depth of 80 feet in the valley below, flows the winding 

Conemaugh — comprising a scene which, viewed from the edge 

• of the river or the lofty mountain-top, is calculated to fill the 

mind with grandeur, and render the impressions of its superb 

beauty indelible. 

From the top of Chestnut Ridge, the last of the Alleghenies westward, 
a view is obtained of the formation and character of this part of the Val- 
ley of tlie Ohio. The whole comitry, as far as the eye can take it in, 
descends very gradually toward the West. It has evidently the appear- 
j ance of having once been the bottom of some vast lake or inland sea. 
The receding waters, or the streams formed by the rains that have -since 
fallen, appear to have worn the nearly level f^urface into innumerable 



76 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

ravines and valleys, leaving those rounded intervening hills that now 
compose the fertile but uneven fields of this rich agricultural region, 

BfairsviHe Branch Intersection (Philadelphia 802 miles — 
Pittsburgh 54 miles,) occurs as we leave the Gap ; and here v^re 
part company with the river (and canal), which flows off due 
west, while we hie along the slope of Chestnut Ridge, ia a more 
southerly direction, very nearly through the centre of Westmore- 
land county. 

At Blairsville, two miles from this place, the North-western 
Railroad, now in progress, will connect the Pennsylvania Road, 
by its direct course, with Cleveland and the Lakes, Telegraph 
station. (Through passengers see Hillside.) 

Bfairsvilie (on Branch Road, three miles, J is located on the 
Pittsburgh Turnpike, and on the Conemaugh, amidst the wild- 
est scenery imaginable. 

Below Blairsvilie, the canal passes through a tunnel over 900 
feet in length ; and emerging from it, is passed over the river 
through a massive stone aqueduct. The river is also spanned 
by a fine old bridge 295 feet long, and used by the turnpike 
company. This place during the golden age of canal naviga* 
tion, boasted of its importance, and also derived much benefit 
from the turnpike trade ; but since the completion of the rail- 
road, its merchants now behold much of their former business 
" passing by on the other side." The surrounding country con- 
tributes much in agricultural shipments, and a number of houses 
are engaged in the pork business. The Female Seminary here 
is prominent among the educational institutions of Western 
Pensylvania. Population 2,000, 

Indiana (19 miles from Intersection,) is the capital of Indi- 
ana county, and terminus of the Branch Pvailroad. It is a neat 
and pleasant place ; possessing a moderate trade. 

The turnpike from Kittanning to Ebensburg passes through 
the town. It is situated in the very heart of the county, 
upon land granted by the immortal George Clymer, for town 
purposes, in 1805. Population 1,500. 

Hillside, (Philadelphia 806 miles — Pittsburgh 50 miles,) a 
wood and water depot, located on the western slope of Chestnut 
llidoQ. 

Millwood (fl^j-r station) 



BLAIRSVILLB INTERSECTION — LATROBE. 77 

Derry f Philadelphia 309 miles— Pittsburgh 47 miles,) Sta- 
tion is about a mile south of an ancient village of that name, 
and in a section of country celebrated for the exploits of its 
earliest pioneer, Wilson^ of whose unerring rifle-performances 
many thrilling incidents are related. Roads diverge from here 
to various parts of Westmoreland county. 

Saint Clair (Philadelphia 311 miles — Pittsburgh 45 miles,) 
is a small station named after the immortal patriot, Gen. Arthur 
St. Clair, of whom it is recorded : 

That, after an eventful military life, " with the profuse liber- 
ality of a soldier, he became reduced in his old age to poverty, 
and resided in a dreary part of Westmoreland county, on Chest- 
nut Ridij^e. He applied to Congress for relief. His claims 
on the sympathy of his country were listened to with indiflfer- 
enee, and admitted with reluctance. After a long suspense, 
he obtained a pension of $60 per month." He died Aug. 31st, 
1^18, in his 84th year. 

Latrobe, (Philadelphia 314 miles — Pittsburgh 42 mile3,) 
a new railroad town, was laid out by Oliver W. Barnes, Esq., 
and named in honor of B. H. Latrobe, the distinguished engi- 
neer. It is located on the fork of the Loyal Hanna River, 
which the road crosses here by a substantial stone askew bridge 
Latrobe is handsomely built, and is elevated above tide- water 
a little more than 1,000 feet; and in its few years has num- 
bered 1,500 inhabitants, and reached a point which bids well 
for future importance. In addition to the handsome depot hotel, 
it contains large warehouses, and sundry manufacturing estab- 
lishments, comprising railroad car-works, flour-mills, iron foun- 
dry, &c. 

Good roads diverge from here in every direction through the 
surrounding rich agricultural country, and a stage connects 
regularly with Youngstown. 

A railroad has been projected to extend from Latrobe to 
IJniontowD, via Meunt Pleasant, and thence through Kanawha 
to the Big Sandy in Virginia, where it would connect with other 
important routes. 



T8 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

The Loyal Hanna River (which we have just crossed,) 
flows north-west through the county, and uniting with the Con- 
emaugh at Saltsburg, forms the Kiskiminitas river, which is a 
principal branch of the Allegheny. Down the Loyal Hanna, 
in spring-time, when the melting snow swells its waters, a large 
quantity of lumber is Seated, and formed into rafts upon the 
larger streams — d^tinod to the markets at Pittsburgh, Cincin- 
nati and Louisville. This description of labor (as is well known,) 
gives a period of annual employment to that class of individuals 
termed lumber men. 

" The lumbermen," says Eli Bowen, " are essentially original charac- 
ters. A more devil-may-care set of fellows never handled an axe or 
swung an oar; good-natured, robust and hard-working, they have an 
inexhaustible fund of humor and forest-adventure, which does much to 
smooth down their exterior roughness. In the fall of the year they 
repair to the depths of the forest, and one after one fall the stately 
tree-giants. The ox-tcams are busied, tugging off the logs to the 
saw-mill hard by ; and in the spring, the sawed lumber is drifted down 
the mountain streams to the Allegheny, where long rafts are formed, 
and then piloted down the river. Year after year they pursue this pe- 
culiar vocation, and lighten their toil with jocund song. 

'A-liiraboring we'll go, so n-lnnibering we'll go, 

0, we'll rango the vrild woods over, and a-lumbering we'll go!" 

Beatty's (Philadelphia 31G miles— Pittsburgh 40 miles,) Sta- 
tion, named after the proprietor of the ground, is contiguous to 
a tributary of Loyal Hanna, and connected with the southern 
turnpike by a branch of the same. 

In the vicinity of Heatty's, and located on beautifal farms, ad- 
mirably cultivated, is the Roman Catholic Abbey of St. Vin- 
cent, and a young ladies' boarding school, conducted by the 
Sisters of Mercy. These educational institutions have extensive 
and well arranged buildings; the former is under the direction 
of Rev. Doniface Wimmer, who has been chosen to the life- 
office of Abbot. 

Passing through a small perforation denominated Carr's Tun- 
nel, we traverse the Crabtree Creek section, at George's Summit, 
35 miles from Pittsburgh, and in the very heart of Westmore-, 
land county. 

This great interior region comprises the rich table lands of 



BEATTY'S — GREENSBURO. 79 

the Allegheny, and a country sufficiently rolling to adapt it admi- 
rably to all the purposes of agriculture ; including that of sheep- 
husbandry, whish is extensively pursued in the adjoining county 
of Washington, and others adjacent to the Monongahela, in this 
State and Virginia. 

Darting again through a tunnel, we emerge in full view of the 
capital of Westmoreland county. 

Greensburg, (Philadelphia 324 miles — Pittsburgh 32 miles,) 
which commemorates the name of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of 
the revolutionary army, was laid out in 1783, not long after the 
burning of Hanna's Town. It is also situated on the old turn- 
pike from Bedford to Pittsburgh, in the midst of a fertile 
country. 

It is one of those tranquil places which contribute little to 
the "noise and confusion" of the bustling world; and where 
** simplicity, virtue and contentment are the distinguishing char- 
acteristics of the population." Its history recalls the primeval 
days when Ross, Brackenridge, Baldwin, Wilkins, and others 
learned in the law — -each prepared with "his quiddits, his quil- 
lets, his cases, his tenures and his tricks" — -made their regular 
pilgrimages to Greensburg. The lamented Richard C. Coul- 
ter, one of Pennsylvania's most eminent Supreme Judges, re- 
sided here. 

After a lethargic existence from its infancy, Greensburg has 
somewhat awakened to the value of its railway advantages, 
which have already added enormously to its wealth ; not only in 
the impetus given to town business, but in the enhanced value of 
the adjacent country traversed by the iron way. It numbers a 
population of 2,500. 

The new court-house is built of cut stone, and is very con- 
spicuous. Gas has been introduced. The surrounding bluffs 
offer commanding and eligible sites for residences. 

Good roads radiate from Greensburg to all parts of the coun- 
try, and stages leave for Mount Pleasant, Somerset, Uniontown, 
Bedford, Ligonier, and Cumberland, Md. 

In the Presbyterian church-yard at this place, repose the ashes 
of the braye but unfortunate Gen. Arthur St. Clair. The spot 



80 RAILROAD HAND BOOK. 

is now marked by an imposing monument, erected in 1832, by 
the Masonic fraternity, '' to supply the place of a nobler one due 
from his country." 

The Hempfield Railroad, now operating between Wheeling 
and Washington, Pa., will connect with the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road at Greensburg, if ever finished. 

LuDWiCK, an environ of Greensburg, is the station for re- 
ceiving and forwarding the freight of the town and surrounding 
country; to store and tranship which, the Company has erected 
a large brick warehouse and other buildings. This point joins 
the estate of Will. A. Stokes, Esq., the able Solicitor of the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad Company, and who has laid out here a consid- 
erable number of building lots. Travelers will observe his 
tasteful residence (*' Ludwick") on the hill-slope, at the right. 

Radebaugh's (Philadelphia 326 miles — Pittsburgh 30 miles,) 
Station, now rather "lost to sight," but perhaps "to memory 
dear," with the early travelers over this route, when a stage gap 
existed between this place and Turtle Creek. Imagination 
easily conceives it to have been the "boiling point" with crusty 
passengers, and the place where the swearing commenced ! 

Grapeville (Philadelphia 328 miles — Pittsburgh 28 miles, ^ is 
a depot-outlet for the old village of that name, situated on the 
turnpike to Pittsburgh, about one mile northward. 

Manor (Philadelphia 331 miles — Pittsburgh 25 miles,) Sta- 
tion, situated on Brush Creek, designates a large body of very 
rich land which was selected by the Penns, and reserved as their 
private property. 

These Proprietary Manors form a curious feature in the history of 
Pennsylvania land titles. In 1779 the Legislature vested in the Com- 
monwealth the riL'hts which the Penns derived from the charter of 
Charles II. to William Penn, declaring that the claims of the proprie- 
taries to the whole of the soil contained within the bounds of the (barter 
was no longer consistent with the safety, liberty and happiness of the peo- 
ple ; and for which action unanswerable reasons were given and recog- 
nized. With strict regard for justice, however, this same law provided i 
that all the private estates, lands, &c., of any of the proprietaries whereof I 
they were then possessed, or to which they were then entitled in their | 
private several right and capacity, and all the lands known as proprietary 
manors, should be confirmed, ratified and established. 



rabebaugh's — wall's station. . 81 

Between Manor and Irwin's, Messrs. Hays, Shaw & Co. 
bave extensive coal works, using steam power. 

Irwin's (Philadelphia 333 miles— Pittsburgh 23 miles,) is a 
very extensive business point, located along the meandering 
Brush Greek. The Westmoreland Goal Gorapany's mining op 
erations have their outlet here ; and the shipments of the coal— - 
which is of an unsurpassed and rarely equaled kind — are from 
200 to 300 tons per day. This particular article is used in the 
gas works of Philadelphia and New York, and considered fully 
equal, if not superior, to any of the foreign coals. A village 
is fast accumulating ; there is also a steam saw-mill and a barrel 
factory in operation here. 

Larimer's (Philadelphia 335 miles — Pittsburgh 21 miles,) 
is a station named after General William Larimer, formerly a 
resident of this county, and is also the centre of extensive coal 
operations. These operations are upon the same vein as at Ir- 
win's, and which, as has been already said, is of excellent quality 
— the demand for eastern supply rather exceeding the quantity 
mined. Steam power is also applied to the manufacture of 
flour. 

This quarter of the State is scarcsly less remarkable for its coal, iron, 
and lumber, than for its excellent salt springs. The saline properties of 
the water, underlying the upper stratum of the soil, Avere noticed at an 
early period; but no efforts were made to extract the salt until 1813, at 
which time, owing to the war, it became exceedingly scarce and corres- 
pondingly high in price. The water in many places along the Kiskimin- 
etas and Allegheny oozed out of the ground, and those spots were much 
frequented by deer, who would stand around them licking up the water 
with great satisfaction. This fact finally led to experiments, which have 
since resulted in extensive mining operations. — Bowen. 

Stewart's (Philadelphia 338 miles— Pittsburgh 18 miles,) 
Station is located contiguous to the western boundary-line of 
Westmoreland county, and near the confluence of Brush Run 
with Turtle Creek. 

Wall's Station, (flag,) situated on Turtle Creek, and the first 
point we arrive at in Allegheny county. It is the depot for the 
coal operations of the Springhill Mining Company. 

8* 



82 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Turtle Creek (Philadelphia 342 miles — Pittsburgh 14 
miles,) Depot is named after the stream which accompanies the 
route of the railroad, and located on the turnpike to Pittsburgh. 
The principal buildings are seen from the road, while the re- 
mainder of the town is invisible. 

Brinton's (Philadelphia 343 miles — Pittsburgh 13 miles,) 
is situated in a bend of Turtle Creek, not far from its junction 
with the Monongahela River at Port Perry. At (his point the 
road crosses the creek, and also intersects the plank road to 
Pittsburgh. Passengers leave this place by the Monongahela 
and Youghiogheny Slack- Water for Brownsville and West New- 
ton. Here and at other points in the neighborhood, coal-mines 
and lime-quarries are operated, and their products sent to Pitts- 
burgh. From this and the intermediate stations to Pittsburgh, 
Accomraodation trains are run for the convenience of business 
men residing out of Pittsburgh, and whose beautiful homesteads 
occupy the bluffs along the Monongahela. 

The Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad diverges 
from Brinton's southeastwardly to Connellsville, Fayette county, 
sixty miles distant, aiming to form a connection with the Balti- 
more and Ohio Road at Cumberland, Md. This road pursues 
the course of the Youghiogheny river, and touches at M'Kees- 
port, West Newton, and other towns. The company at present 
uses the track and motive power of the Pennsylvania, between 
Brinton's and Pittsburgh, intending, ultimately, to construct 
their own road down the Monongahela river. 

Soon after leaving Brinton's station, looking to the left, trav- 
elers will observe a pool made by a dam across the river. This 
designates the vicinity where the army, composed of British reg- 
ulars and provincial militia, under command of Gen. Braddock, 
(that obstinate incarnation of technical pedantry and military 
conceit, united with unquestionable bravery,) crossed the river 
on his way to subjugate Fort Duquesne. We now traverse the 
identical locality of that fatal action. 

Braddock's Fieid, (Philadelphia 345 miles — Pittsburgh 11 



TURTLE CREEK — BRADDOCK'S FIELD. S8 

miles,) the very mention of which recalls one of the most impor- 
tant events in the early history of our State and country, lies 
along the north-eastern bank of the Monongahela river. 

Here, it will bo remembered, on the 9th of July, 1755, Gen. 
Braddock was totally defeated by a body of French and Indians, 
under Capt. Beaujeu, who had sallied out from Fort Duquesne 
to obstruct atid harass the advance of the British. 

Ascendino; from the river, the alluvial bottom will be found interspers- 
ed with ravines of various extent, and which increase in number and 
depth as they approach the railroad, and ascend the bank on the right. 
In these ravines, and completely concealed by " the forest primeval," 
lay the French and Indians. 

The British forces, in " all the pomp and circumstance of glorious 
war," ascended from the river with drums beating, fifes playing, and col- 
ors flying. " Had Braddock been schooled in the warfare of the 
woods," says Washington Irving, " or had he adopted the suggestions 
of Washington, which he rejected so impatiently, he would have thrown 
o,ut liidian scouts or Virginia rangers in the advance, and on the flanks, 
i\j beat up the woods and ravines ; but, as has been sarcastically observ- 
ed, he suffered his troops to march forward through the centre of the 
plain, with merely their usual guides and. flanking parties, ' as if in a 
review in St. James' Park.' " 

The details of this disastrous engagement, as well as its re- 
sults, being familiar to almost every American reader, makes a 
repetition of the same unnecessary here. 

The obstinacy of Braddock, in driving his troops out on tlie open field, 
to " fight like Englishmen" — but in reality to be mowed down by an 
ambuscaded enemy — was indu1)itably tlie cause of defeat, and in singular 
contrast to the ever-memorable deportment of the youthful Washington, 
who saved the remnant of the array. As is well known, too, Braddock, 
in his death hour, apologized to Washington for the petulance with 
which he had rejected his advice, and more than once expressed admira- 
tion of his gallantry. 

Respecting this battle, Wnshington wrote : " We have been most scan- 
dalously beaten by a trifling body of men." * * * * " The Vir- 
ginia troops," says he, in a letter to his mother, " showed a good deal 
of bravcr3% and were nearly all killed. The dastardly behavior of those 
they called regulars, exposed all others that were ordered to do their 
duty, to almost certain death ; and, at last, in despite of all the eflbrts of 
the officers to the contrary, they ran, as sheep pursued by dogs, and it 
was impossible to rally them. By the all-powerful dispensations of 
Providence, I have been protected beyond all human probability or ex- 
pectation : for I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot 
under me, yet escaped unhurt, though death v/as leveling my compan- 
ions on every side of me !"^ 

* When Washington went to the Ohio, in 1770, to explore the wild 



84 EAILBOAD HAND-BOOK. 

The most humiliating circumstance connected with this defeat, is the 
fact that the enemy were but a mere detachment of 855 men, sent out to 
harass rather than fight Braddock's army of over IjSOO; and, says 
Irving, "no one could be more surprised than the French commander 
himself, (at Fort Duquesne,) when the ambuscading party returned in 
triumph with a long train of pack-horses laden with booty, the savages 
uncouthly clad in the garments of the slain, grenadier caps, officers' gold- 
laced coats and glittering epauletts ; flourishing swords and sabres, or 
firing off muskets and uttering fiend-like yells of victory. But when 
informed of the utter rout and destruction of the much-dreaded British 
army, the joy of De Contrecceur Avas complete." 

The defeat of Braddock remains a memorable event in American his- 
tory, and has been characterized as " the most extraordinary victory 
ever obtained, and the farthest flight ever made." It struck a fatal blow 
to the defense for British prowess, which once amounted almost to big- 
otry, throughout the provinces. 

" This whole transaction," observes Franklin, in his Auto- 
biography, "gave us the first suspicion that our exalted ideas 
of the prowess of British regular troops had not been well 
founded ;" a remark (we would add,) which all our country's 
subsequent dealings with its " mother " confirms to this day. 

SvvJssvale (Philadelphia 347 miles — Pittsburgh 9 miles,) 
Station was the former country residence of Mrs. Joseph Swiss- 
helm, who was for many years the Editress of a Pittsburgh 
journal, able in its efforts to propagate the peculiar tenets of 
" woman's rights," et id omne genus. The beauty of the loca- 
tion has induced many Pittsburghcrs to erect neat residences, 
which adorn the road and the bank of the river in the neigh- 
borhood. 

Wilkinsburg (Philadelphia 348 miles — Pittsburgh 8 miles,) 
is named after Kon. VVilliam Wilkins — a venerable and distin- 
guished son of old Allegheny — whose charming country-seat is 
in the vicinity. The town is pleasantly situated on the north- 
lands near the mouth of the Kanawha river, he met an aged Indian 
chief, who told him through an interpreter, that during the battle of 
Braddock's field he had singled him out as a conspicuous object, fired 
his rifle at him many times, and directed his young warriors to do the 
same ; but none of his bal's took effect. He was then persuaded that 
the young hero was under the special guardianship of the Great Spirit, , 
and ceased firing at him. lie had i;ow come a long way to pay homage 
to tlie man who was the peculiar favorite of heaven, and who could nevei' 
die ill battle. 



SWISSVALE — EAST LIBERTY. 85 

eastern side of the railroad and turnpike, and contains about 
600 inhabitants. 

For a long time the prosperity of this delightful village was 
paralyzed, and its people disheartened by litigations attending 
uncertain titles to the ground ; but this difficulty was removed, 
a new impetus was given to business, good buildings were 
erected, and other important measures were consummated for 
making Wilkinsburg and its vicinity a very desirable location 
for country-seats. 

Homewood, (Philadelphia 349 miles — Pittsburgh 7 miles,) 
located on a small tributary of the Allegheny river, receives its 
name from "Home wood," the country seat of Mr. Wilkins, 
which lies about a mile distant, and is an extensive and romantic 
place, highly cultivated, adorned with a beautiful residence, fit 
for the home of the distinguished and venerable statesman, 
whose genius has honored the country abroad, and reflects lustre 
on his native State. 

East Liberty, (Philadelphia 350 miles— Pittsburgh 6 miles,) 
"loveliest village of the plain," is located at the intersection of 
several roads leading to Pittsburgh, and in the midst of a de- 
lightful section, over which are scattered many beautiful country 
residences. It was laid out nearly 40 years ago, by Jacob 
Negley, Esq., whose descendants still enjoy an honored promi- 
nence in the society of the place. 

The railroad station house is a fine specimen of old English 
architecture. 

A few miles from East Liberty is the former residence of Col. 
George Croghan, a distinguished frontier man, who figured in 
various pioneer capacities, and experienced so many vicissitudes 
in the early times of Western Pennsylvania. 

Washington visited this abode of his friend Croghan, when 
performing his famous mission to Fort Duquesne, and met here 
assembled several chiefs of the Six Nations. The history of 
Croghan is replete with 

Most disastrous chauccs, 
Of moving accidents by llood and field, 
Of hair-breadth 'scapes, 
Of baing talten by llie iusoleut foe: 



86 KAILROAD HAND BOOK. 

and designates hini prominently among the foremost instrumen- 
talities which made *'the wilderness to blossom as the rose." 
This beautiful homestead occupies the top of a hill bordering upon 
the Allegheny river, is under perfect cultivation, and occupied 
by Capt. Schenley, son-in-law of Col. Croghan. 

Milfvale (flag station,) is near the residence of the late Hon. 
Harmar Denny, once a distinguished citizen of Western Penn- 
sylvania. Immediately adjoining the extensive estate of the 
Denny family, is the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, erected 
chiefly by the generosity of the people of Pittsburgh, on ground 
donated by the 'Haras and Dennys. 

Opposite this institution, are the inclosed grounds of the Alle- 
gheny County Agricultural Society, and which are used alter- 
nately with those at Philadelphia by the State Society. 

The Outer Depot (Pittsburgh,) of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, consists of about twenty acres, upon which is located the 
various shops, store-houses, ofiices, wood and coal sheds, water- 
stations, cattle-yards, weigh-scales, &c., essential to the Com- 
pany's business. Also a local freight-house 300 feet long, iron 
and lumber yards, and a circular engine house 900 feet in circum- 
ference, containing 45 stalls for locomotives — one of the largest 
buildings of its kind in America. These buildings are mostly 
of brick, substantially erected, and contain machinery of the 
best quality, and suited to every purpose. The whole property 
is under-drained by brick and stone culverts, and its operations 
under the immediate control of Charles A. Nauman. 

^PITTSBURGH, (Philadelphia 356 miles,) located at the 
junction of the Monongahda and Allegheny rivers, tho head 
waters of the Ohio, commands an immense inland navigation, 
and combines more geographical advantages of position than any 
interior city in the United States. With tho romance of the 
early settlement of this city — although it is a field that the 

=^' For most of the data comprised in the chapter on Pittsburgh, 
the author is pleased to express his indebtedness to an interesting work 
entitled "■Pittsburgh as it is," by Georire H. Thurston, Esq., and wliich, 
as an exhibit of the "facts and figures" of the Iron City, well deserves 
a careful examination. Published by W. S. Haven. 



MILLVALE — PITTSBURGH. 8Y 

thought lingers upon, and withdraws from reluctantly — this vol- 
ume has no purpose ; we seek rather to present ''facts and fig- 
ures" suited to the utilitarian spirit of the age. 

PiTTSBDRQii i*s IT IS, includcs Allegheny City and the bor- 
oughs of Manchester, Buquesne, Lawrenceville, East Birming- 
ham, Birmingham, South and West Pittsburgh ; all of which, 
in the absence of a general consolidation, occupy the relation of 
wards to the city proper. The city extends along the Ohio and 
Monongahela rivers four and a half miles, and an equal distance 
along the Allegheny, and fills a triangular space between the 
rivers of two and a half miles base, by three miles on either 
side. 

The growth of Pittsburgh has been apparently slow, but its 
results are sound ; the prevailing characteristics of the commu- 
nity having been to create wealth without noise. While some 
of her western rivals boast a more rapid progress in population, 
business and wealth, she pursues a steady course, with but one- 
tenth of the mortgages which embitter the nectar-cup sipped 
by her western friends. 

The disastrous conflagration of April, 1845, it will be re- 
membered, swept away ten millions of her capital; while great 
draughts, severe frosts, and the visitation of pestilence, have 
at various times seriously affected her business. In the ab- 
sence of these providential causes, it is fair to conjecture that 
Pittsburgh would have now been far ahead of her present con- 
dition, and eojoying freedom from public misfortune. From this 
time forward, she must become prominent among the most accu- 
mulative and progressive cities of the Union. 

Situated in the heart of the bituminous coal formation of 
the Apalachian field, and equally located as to the deposits cf 
iron ore, her geographical relations to the staple materials of 
Pennsylvania, as well as of the Union, are unrivaled. Her 
situation at the head of the Ohio constitutes her the very " Gate- 
way to the West," and a key-point to the great railway systems 
beyond. Her river navigation readies to fourteen States and two 



88 EAILEOAD HAND-BOOK. 

Territories — not only the border counties thereof, but the interior 
country. By her canals also she is enabled to transport to 
the Lakes, through Pennsylvania to the Atlantic seaboard, and 
a portion of New York State, those heavy articles produced in 
her manufactories, which demand cheap in preference to rapid 
transportation. 

The PRESENT POPULATION numbers about 140,000 ; and but 
for the coal smoke, which is objectionable to strangers, there is 
not a pleasanter location in the United States. This famed 
smoke, which necessarily arises from its hundreds of manufacto- 
ries and the thousands of bushels of coal daily consumed by pri- 
vate families, pervades the atmosphere to so great an extent as 
to have elicited for Pittsburgh the soubriquet of the " Smoky 
City." However, this very smoke, it is affirmed, contains in- 
gredients highly favorable to lung and cutaneous diseases; 
asthmatic patients have found great relief in breathing it. 

Its MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES are dcrivcd from itemsof 
fuel, material, and living — reception, distribution, and manufac- 
turing sites — unbroken labor, lessened expenses, and increased 
income. So eminent are these considerations, that it may safely 
be denominated the cheapest point in the Union for the manu- 
facturing of most articles, especially those in which iron, wood, 
cotton, wool, and fuel, are important components. There are in 
Pittsburgh ahundant openinys for manufactories^ and which will 
not fail to be highly remunerative if properly conducted. 

The prices of real estate are generally low, aod (says a 
Pittsburgh writer) there is no point in the United States where the 
same opportunities for investments in real estate exist, with the 
same certainty of a heavy increase in the next five or six years. 
■ Pittsburgh is richer in her coal fields than the balance of 
the world in all its deposits of precious metals. The extent of 
the bituminous region contributing to her welfare, is fifteen 
thousand square miles. The estimated value of one of its main- 
seams has been estimated to surpass in value the gold of Cali- 
fornia ! As a criterion of the coal business, wo furnish the 



PITTSBURGH. 89 

estimate fur 1857 at 61,730,358 bushels, of which there were 
exported 26,480,350 bushels, the total valae of which is com- 
puted at $6,336,720. 

The department of boat-building is of great prominence in 
the general business. On account of the great abundance of the 
different kinds of timber, the cheapness of iron, of labor, of 
paint, and of all other materials used in the construction of 
steamboats, they can bo built at a less cost at Pittsburgh than 
in any western port, and consequently there are built and 
fitted out here more steamers than at any other three or four 
cities of the West. This city having been for nearly fifty years 
engaged in the construction of western steamboats, there has 
accumulated among its contractors and mechanics a vast fund 
of practical knowledge, which is attested in the production of 
her boats — unequaled on the western waters for speed, beauty, 
comfort, convenience, and cheapness. The estimated business 
for 1857, was the building of 84 steamboats, valued at $1,680,- 
000. Besides the construction of steamboats, a heavy business 
is conducted in building keel-boats, barges, and coal-flats — the 
average annual consumption of the latter amounting to about 
$3,880,000. 

The expression, ** Pittsburgh Manufactures," has become 
world-wide as the synonym of excellence. This meritorious 
position is the result of her long years of investigation, industry, 
and experience. Chief among these is her great Ikon establish- 
ments, which consume great quantities of pig-metal from the 
Allegheny, Anthracite, and Juniata regions of Pennsylvania ; 
the Hanging Rock region on the Ohio ; and from the States of 
Tennessee and Missouri. In its consumption of immense quan- 
tities of iron, Pittsburgh seems a fitting repository for the staple 
product of Pennsylvania's hills and mountains. 

Although the consumption of iron enters more or less into all 
the business of Pittsburgh, her iron "■ manufactures''^ are par- 
ticularly understood to comprise the products of her rolling mills, 
her foundries and machine-shops. Foremost in the list stands 



90 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

the rolling-mill — of which Pittsburgh contains more than any 
other city or county in the State, Among her numerous foun- 
dries is one for the manufacture of cannon, and at which were cast 
a number of "peacemakers" used by the fleet on Lake Erie, 
and for the defense of New Orleans during the war of 1812 — 
together with others used at the more recent battles in the Cri- 
mea. Among its machine- sho'ps are those for the manufacture 
of tools, the qualities of which are recognized for superiority 
throughout the mechanical world. Considerable attention is 
also given to agricultural implements, domestic and saddlery 
hardware, guns, wire, cutlery and surgical instruments, forges, 
and the making of boilers, chains, railing, safes, spikes, life- 
boats, &c. &c. 

Pittsburgh being largely interested in the Copper business in 
ill its branches, and its management of copper-mining having 
aeen peculiarly successful, the products of this metal may be 
ranked among staple manufactures. The establishments for 
smeltinoj and rollino; are numerous and estensive. 

Cotton cloths, cotton yarns, and batting, are also among the 
more important branches. 

The manufacture of xohite lead in this city in 1S37, amount- 
ed to over 900 tons, and is carried on with facilities equal to 
establishments not so remote from the mines. 

If there are any special products which " every body" iden- 
tides with Pittsburgh, it is that noble trio — coal, iron, and 
GLASS — of the latter we now speak. The first glass-house was 
erected by Gen. O'Hara, in 1796. In 1857, there were 34 
large factories, carried on by 19 firms, employing 1,982 hands, 
whose yearly wages amounted to $910,116. They used twenty 
steam-engines, and produced flint and window glass, demijohns, 
vials, bottles, druggists' ware, &;c., amounting to $2,631,990. 
Among the establishments is one for producing stained glass, 
after the style of ancient Gothic churches, and in modern pat- 
terns ; also, others for making looking-glasses. 

Having referred to the most prominent departments of manu- ! 



PITTSBURGH. 91 

factures and mecbariics, we can but allude to the numerous 
additional establishments for turning out cars, kegs, buckets, 
carriages, wagons, leather, crackers, cabinet-ware and chairs, 
soap and candles, glue, lime, matches, oils, tobacco, paper, flour, 
' trunks, files, ropes, pianos ; besides breweries, lithographers, 
marble-works, &c. 

Although it is conceded that the railroad avenues to Phil- 
adelphia, New York and Boston, have somewhat deprived Pitts- 
burgh of her former johhing trade, she is again emerging into 
new vigor, and will again enjoy her quondam glory — a fact 
proved by the business transacted within the last three years. 
There is ample room here now for the enterprise and capital of 
additional wholesale jobbing dry-goods houses. The Wholesale 
Business comprised in dry goods, hardware, drugs, groceries, 
and liquor-rectifying, are carried on to a great extent. The 
forwarding produce and commission houses are also numerous 
and reliable. The Lumber Trade comprises shops, mills, fac- 
tories and yards, which transact an aggregate business of 
$1,500,000 per annum. The pine timber of the Allegheny 
Valley is rapidly enhancing in value, while the head-waters of 
the Monongahela also contain dense forests, which must always 
render Pittsburgh a point of heavy shipment. 

Salt is another staple article of trade, and a source of the 
city's wealth. Great quantities are received here from the Kis- 
kiminetas works, and others of Western Pennsylvania. The 
operators in salt look not only to Pittsburgh for the sale of their 
productions, but also for the purchase of their supplies. 

The " art preservative of arts" is well represented here. The 
daily newspapers issued comprise seven in English, and four in 
German ; out of these also grow«a goodly number of weeklies 
and monthly periodicals. There are twelve book and job ofiices, 
using $120,000 worth of material. 

Living in Pittsburgh is said to compare, in cost and com- 
fort, most favorably with other cities. Rents are lower, fuel 
cheaper, marketing generally low, and groceries and flour very 
reasonable. 



92 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

The Financial Institutions of the '* Iron City" comprise 
six banks of issue, and nine savings and deposit banks. There 
are also a number of institutions known as loan associations, which 
haye been very successful and profitable to their stockholders. 
The private banking-houses number about thirteen. It is prob- 
lematical whether there is elsewhere as large a business trans- 
acted with as limited an amount of banking capital— the entire 
sum of which in the whole city, does not exceed $6,000,000. 

Among the Public Institutions of Pittsburgh, we may 
enumerate the Western University; two Commercial Colleges; 
nearly one hundred Churches of the various religious beliefs ; 
three public Libraries; twenty public and two High Schools; 
a number of private Academies, and several fine Halls for mu- 
sical, dramatic, literary and concert purposes. The utilitarian 
spirit of the place, however, has been antagonistic to the cul- 
ture of the fine arts generally; and although there are a "fa- 
vored few" of the Muses' children here, we are inclined to 
believe that Pittsburgh will ever boast more of the real than 
the ideal. Her best known musical genius, is Stephen C. Fos- 
ter, composer of '^ Lilly Pale," "Uncle Ned," *^01d Dog 
Tray," and many other of those extremely popular (and profita- 
ble ) melodies of the day. Pittsburgh and Allegheny are both 
amply supplied with water and gas. Its principal hotels are 
the Monongahela, the St. Charles, the St. Clair, the Girard, 
Perry, Eagle, Mansion, and Scott Houses. 

The Through Freight Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company is built nearly 700 feet in length on Liberty street, 
by 110 feet in width, extending from Marbury street to the 
Monongahela river. This is emphatically one of Pittsburgh's 
"institutions," and well worthy of a visit by those who are 
interested in things appertaining to modern transportation. 

This Depot occupies the site of" Fort Duquesne," erected by 
the French. The annexed extract is from the Oration delivered 
by Hon. A. W. Lcomis at the great Centennial Anniversary 
of the Evacuation of Fort Duquesne by the French, in Novem- 
ber 25, 1758 ; held in this Depot, November 25, 1858 : 



PrM'SBURGH — liEE llAILV/AY SYSTEM. 



m 



-' What object could be more suo^irestivc of contrast; of civilization and 
improvement, than the theatre of this celebration '? One hundred years 
ago, the smoking ruins of a deserted fortress presented, upon this spot, a 
spectacle delightful to the eye and heart of the soldier who had fortu- 
nately escaped the perils and carnage of an expected encounter, and who 
saw in the scenes before him the final fate of French supremacy in these 
deserted regions. To-day, multitudes of happy and independent free- 
men assemble here, in one of the most capacious depots of the world, 
erected to fi\ciiitate the exchanges of commerce. From this point, at the 
head of the beautiful Ohio, cxhaustless treasures of the East are wafted 
Upon the noble stream to supply the incre.ising demands of the West. 
Here, at the termination of the great railway which has surmounted and 
perforated lofty mountains, the boundless productions of the fertile West 
are placed upon tlieir sure and speedy transit to the capacious harbors 
and endless markets of the East. Stimulating the faculties of produc- 
tions and augmenting the accumulations of industry, may these expand- 
ing exchanges, through all coming time, signalize the diffusion of pros- 
perity and multiply the means of enjoyment." 

The *' Old Redoubt," the only ves- 
tige of Fort Duquesne, is situated 
north of l^enn street, about forty six 
feet west of Point Street, a few feet 
back from Brewery Alley — and is wor- 
thy of a visit from all strangers. It 
was the first brick house erected west 
of the Allegheny Mountains. A stone 
slab in the wall records the name of 
the builder and the date of its erec- 
tion, *'A. D. 1764. Col. Bouquet." 




THE BAILWAY SYSTEM OF PITT3BXJRGH 
Comprises, in addition to the Pennsylvania Central Road, the 

l^ittsburgh, Port Wayne and Chicago Bailroad. 
This road extends from the depot of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, in the city of Pittsburgh, to the Union depot on the west 
side of the Chicago river, in the city of Chicago, a distance of 
467 miles. While the two large cities at the termini of this 
road are strongly contrasted in geographical position, and in the 
physical characteristics of the country surrounding them, this 
very contrast is adapted to develop extensive commercial rela- 
tions between them, Pittsburgh is a great centre of raanu^'ac- 



94 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

tures j Chicago equally great as tbe centre of agricultural pro- 
ducts — the one a type of the East, the other a type of the West. 

HISTORY OF TUE ROAD. 

The present corporation came into existence for practical ef- 
fect, by the organization of the Board of Directors on the 1st 
day of August, 1856; the election for Directors having been 
held on the 30th of July, two days before. 

The corporation was created by the legal consolidation into 
one body, of the Ohio and Pennsylvania, the Ohio and Indiana, 
and the Fort Wayne and Chicago Eailroad Companies. 

The Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad Company was incorpo- 
rated by the Legislature of Ohio, on the 24th day of February, 
1848, with power to construct and operate a railroad from a 
point on the State line of Ohio, in the county of Columbiana, 
westwardly, by way of Bucyrus, in Crawford county, to the 
western boundary of the State ; anl, to effect the objects of its 
incorporation, the Company was clothed with all the powers and 
privileges of the general railroad law of Ohio, passed February 
11th, 1848. 

On the 11th day of April, 1848, the Legislature of Pennsyl- 
vania adopted and enacted the charter of the Ohio and Penn- 
sylvania Company, as granted in Ohio, and empowered the 
Company to construct their road from the boundary line of 
Pennsylvania to a connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad in 
the city of Pittsburgh. 

Under the authority conferred by these charters, the Ohio 
and Pennsylvania Company was duly organized in June, ISIS; 
General William Robinson, Jr. of Pittsburgh, being chosen 
President, and Solomon W. Roberts, of Philadelphia, Chief 
Engineer. The preliminary surveys were soon after made, and 
the work commenced. Much difficulty was experienced, as well 
from the topographical features of the country as from the con- 
flict of local interests in determinino; the route and location of 



PITTSBUKGH — HER RAILWAY SYSTEM. 96 

the road. It was the pioneer road from Pittsburgh westwardly, 
designed to secure to that city and to Pennsylvania the largest 
share of traffic springing from the growing cities and wide 
and fertile plains of the West. The road was finally located 
upon the route, which, while it combined the largest advantages 
for local trade, gave it, as part of a great through line, a general 
northwesterly course in the direction of Chicago, without losing 
its value, as a leading route, in the direction both of Cincinnati 
and St. Louis. It was not deemed expedient at that early pe- 
riod in railroad enterprises, to attempt to construct the road under 
the powers of one charter to the western line of Ohio, an entire 
length of 300 miles ; the present town of Crestline, on the 
Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad, 187 miles west 
of Pittsburgh, was therefore adopted as the western terminus of 
the road. 

Through many embarrassments, the road progressed steadily 
and rapidly to completion, and on the 11th day of April, 1853, 
was opened for business over its whole length of 187 miles, from 
Federal street, in Allegheny City, to Crestline. The enlight- 
ened and liberal views which governed in projecting and carry- 
ing forward to completion this first work, in no small measure 
laid the foundation of this great work which we are now de- 
scribing. 

On the 20th day of March, 1850, the Legislature of Ohio 
incorporated the Ohio and Indiana Eailroad Company with all 
the powers conferred by the general railroad law of Ohio, to 
construct and operate a railroad from the western terminus of 
the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad at Crestline, by way of 
Bucyrus and Upper Sandusky to Fort Wayne, in the State of 
Indiana. 

On the 15th day of January, 1851, the Legislature of 
Indiana adopted and reenacted the Ohio charter of the Ohio 
and Indiana Railroad Company. The Company was soon after 
organized, and the work was commenced in the spring of 1852. 



96 RAlLKOAi) HAND-BO 0£. 

On the first clay of November, 1854, the road was opened for 
business from Crestline to Fort Wayne, a distance of 181 miles, 
and occupied from, Crestline to the west boundary of Ohio, the 
route intended to be occupied by the Ohio and Pennsylvania 
Eaihoad Company under the charter. The nineteen miles from 
the Ohio State line to Fort Wayne is the only portion of this 
Company's road not covered by the charter to the Ohio and 
Pennsylvania Company. 

On the 14th day of September, 1852, the Fort Wayne 
and Chicago Railroad Company was organized by Articles of 
Association, in pursuance of the general railroad law of Indiana 
of May 11, 1852, for the purpose of constructing and operating 
a railroad from Fort Wayne to a point on the west line of Indi- 
ana, within the county of Lake, in the direction of Chicago. 

On the 5th day of February, 1853, the Legislature of Illi- 
nois incorporated the Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad Compa- 
ny, as organized under the . law of Indiana, with full powers to 
construct and operate their road from the State line of Illinois 
to the city of Chicago. 

Under the powers thus acquired, the Fort Wayne and Chicago 
Railroad was located on the most direct practicable route from 
the terminus of the Ohio and Indiana Road at Fort Wayne to 
the city of Chicago, a distance of 147 miles. The work was 
commenced in the summer of 1853, and notwithstanding many 
embarrassments and delays, consequent upon the re-action of 
opinion in 1854 and 1855, on the subject of railroad securities, 
the Company maintained its financial credit, and in February, 
1856, twenty miles of the road from. Fort Wayne to Columbia, the 
county town of Whitley county, were opened, making a contin- 
uous line of 838 miles, of uniform gauge, from the city of Alle- 
gheny to Columbia, on a direct route to Chicago. 

The Ohio and Pennsylvania, the Ohio and Indiana, and Fort 
Wayne and Chicago roads, were neither of them projected sim- 
ply as local roads, or to accommodate alone the towns and coun- 



PITTSBURGH — HER RAILWAY SYSTEM. 97 

try Immediately adjacent to them. Local wants and interests 
stimulated and encouraged them, but views of their value as 
component parts with the Pennsylvania Kailroad, of a Great 
Central Line from the seaboard to the Northwest, entered 
largely into all the financial plans for their construction, and the 
estimates of their success. 

Philadelphia and Pittsburgh being united by railroad, it was 
a natural fruit of their union that efforts should be made to 
connect them by the same mode of intercourse with the most 
important focal points of the commerce of the Great West, Cin- 
cinnati, St. Louis, and Chicago. The intimate relations which 
had long subsisted between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia on the 
one hand, and Cincinnati and St. Louis on the other, by means 
of the Ohio River and the Pennsylvania Canal and Columbia 
Railroad, naturally led the two former cities to look first toward 
Cincinnati and St. Louis, as the most important points to be 
reached by railroad. 

The Managers of the Ohio and Pennsylvania Road, almost 
with the inception of that enterprise, saw the necessity and value 
of the extension of the line in the direction of Chicago, and to a 
connection with that point. In his first report to his Company 
in 1849, Mr. Roberts, Chief Engineer, pointed out, as an object 
of primary importance, the extension of the line to Chicago, and 
the same views were subsequently repeatedly urged in the re- 
ports of the President and Chief Engineer. 

In accordance with these views, the Ohio and Pennsylvania 
Company extended liberal aid to the Ohio and Indiana Road, 
first, by a stock subscription of $100,000, and afterward, by 
purchase of bonds to the amount of $305,000 ; and in the month 
of July, 1854, a stock subscription, payable in bonds, was made 
to the Fort Wayne and Chicago Road to the amount of 
$100,000. 

In March, 1856, a conference was held in Philadelphia, be- 
tween the Presidents of the Pennsylvania, the Ohio and Penn- 
sylvania, the Ohio and Indiana, and Fort Wayne and Chicago 



98 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Railroad Companies, with a view to some plan, first, for the 
temporary relief of the two western roads, and secondly, for the 
early completion of the line to Chicago. 

At that time the consolidation of the three companies into one 
corporation, and the merging of the three distinct roads into one 
GRAND ROAD from Pittsburgh to Chicago, was suggested and 
adopted as the best and most feasible plan for the early comple- 
tion and ultimate success of the whole line. Adequate legisla- 
tion for the consummation of this plan then existed in Indiana 
and Illinois, and before the 20th April, the necessary legislation 
was obtained in Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

In May, 1856, committees appointed by the Boards of Direc- 
tors of the three companies, met in Pittsburgh, to arrange the 
terms of consolidation; which were then agreed upon, and the 
articles drawn up and executed by the Directors of the three 
companies, bearing date May 6th, 1856. They were duly rat- 
ified on the 24th day of June, 1856, by the stockholders of the 
Ohio and Indiana Company; on the 26th day of June, 1855, 
by the stockholders of the Fort Wayne and Chicago Company; 
and on the 2d day of July, 1856, by the stockholders of the 
Ohio and Pennsylvania Company. 

The first election for Directors of the consolidated corporation 
took place in the city of Pittsburgh, on the 30th day of July, 
1856, and the organization was perfected on the 1st day of 
August, 1856, from which date the operations of the Pittsburgh, 
Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad commence. 

At the date of consolidation, or of the creation of the present 
corporation, the road was in operation from Allegheny City to 
Columbia City, the county seat of Whitley county, Indiana, a 
length of 839 miles. On the 10th of November of the same year 
(1856,) the road was opened to Plymouth, the county seat of 
Marshall county, an additional length of 339 miles; after which 
and until the opening of the whole road in December, 1858, the 
business between Pittsburgh and Chicago was carried over the 
Michigan Southern Road via La Poite. The first of January, 



PITTSBURGH — HER RAILWAY SYSTEM. 99 

1859, may be stated as the elate at whicli the business of the 
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Raih'oad Company was 
regularly carried over the entire length of its own road from 
Pittsburgh to Chicago, 467 miles. 



The Pittsburgh and Steuhenville Road, though another and 
distinct route, forms a different connection with the Ohio roads 
above-mentioned, and affords a direct route to St. Louis, 140 
miles shorter from New York than via Buffalo and Cleveland. 

The Pittsburgh and GonneUsville Road, completed (from 
Brinton's, ) 60 miles southward to Connellsville, and ultimately 
terminating at Cumberland, Md., where, by means of the Bal- 
timore and Ohio Road, it derives a valuable connection with the 
southern Atlantic coast. 

The Allegheny Valley Road, completed 44 miles northeast- 
wardly to Kittanning, seeks connections with the New York 
roads at Olean, where it also intersects the Genesee Canal, 
and other roads from Attica and Rochester. 

The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Road, already built from 
Cleveland to Rochester, Pa. — whence it uses the Pittsburgh, 
Fort Wayne and Chicago track to the city — provides a connec- 
tion with the Lakes, and with roads to Chicago and Detroit. 
As a northern route, this one is extremely valuable. 

The Cleveland and Mahoning Road, now constructing, pen- 
etrates through a very wealthy section of Ohio, known as the 
Western Reserve, and furnishes another route to Cleveland and 
the Lakes. 

The Pittsburgh and Erie Road forms a direct northern con- 
nection with Erie and the Lakes, and runs through a rich min- 
eral and agi icultural country. This, and the Cleveland and Ma- 
honing Road, will probably intersect each other at New Castle, in 
Lawrence county, whence they will use the same track to Dar- 
lington, and thereby reach Pittsburgh over the Fort Wayne and 
Chicao;o road. 



100 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

The Chartiers Valley Road, from Pittsburgh to Washington, 
Pa., proposed — if the consolidation with the Hempfield and the 
Marietta and Cincinnati roads is consummated — is equally im- 
portant ; forming a third route to the country along the Ohio 
river, ?nd gaining additional advantages from proposed connec- 
tions with the roads of Kentucky and the South. 

Geographical examination thus indicates a glorious future for 
Pittsburgh, as a railway centre ; and as the portal between the 
demand and supply of the East and the West, she will not fail 
to reap the benefit of the rare advantages which seem naturally 
to flow into her lap. 



PENNSYLVANIA RAILKOAD STATISTICS. 

During the year 1858, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company employed 
two hundred and nine engines on their road, which made 980,338 miles 
running with passenger trains, and 2,209,148 miles with freight trains. 
Total number of miles run by engines, 3,189,486, at a cost for repairs 
of. $244,959 44 

Cost for fuel, 262,762 02 

«' " oil and tallow,, 34,609 29 

Total cost of power without labor, $542,330 75 

The greatest mileage made by passenger trains was as follows : Be- 
tween 

Philadelphia and Harrisburg, Engine No. 27, 27,449 

Ilarrisburg and Altoona, " " 109, 37,290 

Altoona and Pittsburgh, '• " 55, 31,291 

No. miles with three engines, 96,030 

The greatest mileage with freight trains was made as follows : Be- 
tween 

Philadelphia and Columbia, Engine No. 171, 23,200 

Columbia and Mifflin, " " 30, 24,172 

MitTlin and Altoona, " " 146, 25,181 

Altoona and Conemaugh, " " 51, 18,600 

Conemaugh and Pittsburgh, " " 78, 25,479 

Total number miles, 11 6,632 



TABLES OF RAILWAY DISTANCES 

ON THE 

PEINCIPAL WESTERN MAIN-llOIJTES, 



TO o:h:icj^C3-o„ 

Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne &- Chicago Bailroad. 



Miles from Miles from 

Pittsburgh. Cluca;<o. 

PITTSBURGH ...... .467 

6 Courtney's 461 

10 Haysville 457 

1 2 Sewickley 455 

14 Shousetbwn Lane 453 

17 Economy .450 

20 Baden 447 

23 Freedom . . . , 444 

25 Rochester 442 

28 New Brighton .439 

38 Darlington , . 429 

44 Enon 423 

49 Pal'!Stine 418 

54 New Waterford 413 

59 Columbiaiia 408 

65 Franklin 402 

69 Salem 398 

74 Damascus 393 

77 Smithneld 390 

82 Alliance 385 

88 Strasburg 379 

94 Louisville 373 

100 Canton 367 

108 Massillon ...- .359 

115 Lawrence 352 

119 Fairview 348 

123 Orrville 344 

126 Paradise 341 

134 Wooster 333 

140 Millbrook 327 

143 Clinton 324 

149 Lakeville.. ........... .318 

155 Loudonville 312 

1 60 Perrysville 307 

1 67 Lucas , 300 

174 Mansfield 293 

179 Spring Mills 288 

183 Richland 284 



Milei^rom Miles from 

Pittsburgli. Cliicano. 

188 CRESTLINE 279 

191 Leesville 276 

200 Bicjrus 267 

203 Nevada , .259 

210 Edenville 257 

217 Upper Sandusky 250 

224 Kirby 243 

229 Forest 238 

236 Dunkirk 231 

239 Washington 228 

245 Johnstown , 222 

253 Lafayette 214 

260 Lima 207 

266 Elida ' 201 

274 Delphos-. 193 

280 Middle Point 187 

287 Van Wert ... 1 80 

295 Convoy 172 

300 Dixon- 167 

303 Monroeville 1 64 

309 Maples 158 

319 Fort Wayne... 148 

327 Areola 140 

333 Coesse 134 

339 Columbia 128 

346 Huntsville 121 

3,50 Pierceton 117 

352 Kosciusko 115 

359 Warsaw 108 

369 Etna Green 98 

372 Bourbon 95 

378 Piersonville 89 

384 Plymouth 83 

395 Grovertown 72 

399 Stark 68 

412 Morgan 53 

415 Wanatah 55 

424 Valparaiso ... 42 

10 



102 



RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 



from Miles from 

Pittsburgh. Chicago. 

431 Wheeler 36 

435 Hobart 32 

437 Liverpool 30 

442 Tollestone 25 

444 Clarke 23 



Miles from Miles from 

Pittsburgh. Chicago. 

452 Robertsdale 15 

455 Ainsworth 12 

460 Rock Island Junction 7 

467 CHICAGO.., 



TO aLiEviEL^n^riD. 

CLEV.ELAWD & PITTSBUBGH KAILROAD. 



Miles from Miles from 

Pittsburgh. Cleveland. 

PITTSBURGH k. 148 

[For stations between Pittsburgh and 

Piochestr-r. soe tirst Table.] 

25 Rochester 123 

33 Industry 115 

39 Smith's Ferry 109 

43 Liverpool 105 

47 Wellsville 101 

50 Yellow Creek 98 

53 Hammond sville 95 

56 New Salisbury 92 

62 Salineville 86 

67 Summitville 81 

73 Hanover .... 75 

77 East Rochester 71 



Miles from 
Pittsburgh 
79 



85 
92 
97 
100 
106 
110 
116 
122 
129 
134 
140 
148 



Miles from 
Cleveland. 

Bayard 69 

Moultrie 66 

Winchester 63 

Alliance. 56 

Lima 51 

Atwater ^ 48 

Rootstown 42 

Ravenna 38 

Earlville 32 

Hudson 26 

Macedonia. 19 

Bedford 14 

Newburg; 8 

CLEVELAND 



To Naint liOiiis, Indianapolis and Terre Haute. 

BELLEFONTAIlSrE RAILROAD. 

Miles from Miles from 

Crestline. Indianapolis. 

[For Stations between Pittsburgh and 
Crestline, see first Table. 

CRESTLINE 206 

4 Gallon 202 

15 Caledonia 191 

24 Marion 182 

38 Larue 168 

46 Mount Victory 1 60 

Ridgeway 

55 Ru'shsylvania 151 

64 Bellefontaine 142 

74 DeGrafF 132 

77 Quincy 129 

80 Pcmberton 126 

87 Sidney 119 

92 Hardin 114 

Houston 



Miles from Miles from 
Crestline. Indianapolis. 

105 Versailles 103 

113 Dflllfls Ql 


199 


Union 


... 84 


132 
139 
142 


Winchester 

Farmland 

Morristown 


...74 
...67 
. . 64 


146 
152 
158 
164 
170 


Smithfield 

Muncie 

YorktOAvn 

Chesterfield 

Anderson 


.,.60 
...54 

...48 
...42 
... 36 


178 
186 
192 

197 


Pendleton 

Fortville 

Oakland 

Lanevillc 


...28 
...20 
...14 
... 9 


206 


INDIANAPOLIS .. 





KAILWAY DISTANCES. 



103 



TERRE HAUTE & RICHMOND RAILROAD. 

{See advertisement of this Route.) 



Miles from 
Terre Haute. 



Miles from 
Indianapolis. 

INDIANAPOLIS 73 

9 I'ridgeport 64 

13 Phiinfield Switch 60 

14 Plainfield 59 

17 Cavtcrsburg 56 

19 Belleville .54 

21 Clayton 52 

23 Pecksburg 50 

25 Amo 48 

27 Cincinnatus 46 

39 Coateville 44 

33 Nicliolsonville 40 



Miles from Miles from 

Indianapolis. Terre Haute. 

39 Greencastle 34 

42 Putnamville 31 

44 Hamerick's 29 

48 Reel's 25 

52 Eaglefield's 22 

52 Croy's Creek 21 

57 Brazil 16 

61 Staunton 12 

63 Cloverland 10 

65 Wood's Mill 8 

73 TEP.RE HAUTE 



Terre Haute, Alton and Saint Louis Railroad. 



Miles 
Terre 



14 
19 

28 
32 
37 
46 
56 
62 
68 
78 
80 
89 
95 



from 
Haute. 



Miles from. 
St. Louis. 



TERRE HAUTE 187 

Saint JNIary's 183 

Sandford's 179 

Vermilion 

Kentucky 173 

Paris 168 

Dudley 159 

Kanzas 155 

Ashmore 1 50 

Clmrleston 141 

Mattoon 131 

Summit 125 

Windsor 119 

Thornton 109 

Shelbyville 107 

Tower Hill 98 

Pana ... 92 



Miles from Miles from 

Terre Haute. St. Louis. 

99 Rosamond 88 

107 Nokomis 80 

117 Irving 70 

123 Hillsboro' 64 

126 Butler 61 

134 Litchfield 53 

139 Clvde 48 

144 Gillespie •.. 43 

153 Bunker Hill 34 

158 Dorsey's 29 

Hampton 

163 Bethalto 24 

167 Alton Junction 20 

177 Nameoki 10 

186 lUinoistown 1 

187 East St. Louis 

ST. LOUIS 



To Columbus, Cincinnati antl St. I^onis. 

Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad.— River Branch. 



Miles from Miles from 

Kochester. Steubenville. 

[For Stations from Rochester to Pitts- 
burgh, see first Table.] 

ROCHESTER 43 

8 Industry..... .....34 

14 Smith's" Ferry 29 

1 8 Liverpool 24 



Miles from 
Roch ester. 

22 
25 
31 
35 
43 



Miles from 
Steubenville. 



Wellsville 20 

Yellow Creek 17 

M'Coy's 12 

Jeddo 8 

STEUBENVILLE 



104 



RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 



STEUBEHVIIiLE & INDIANA RAILROAD. 



Miles from 
Stcubenvillo. 



Miles from 
Columbus. 



STEUBENVILLE . ...150 

.3 Steuben ville Junction .... 147 

5 Gould's 144 

7 Alexandria Road 142 

11 Smithfield Station 138 

14 Reed's Mill 135 

16 Hammond's Siding 133 

18 Bloomfield 131 

20 Unionport 129 

23 Miller's 126 

2.5 Cadiz Junction ...125 

29 Fail-view 121 

34 New Market 115 

37 Mastersville 112 

40 Bowersville 109 

45 Philadelphia Road 1 04 

50 Uhrichsville 100 



Miles from . Miles from 

Steubenville. Columbus. 

53 Trenton 

57 Lock No. 17 97 

60 ' Port Washington 93 

67 New Comerstown 89 

70 Oxford 83 

74 La Fayette 79 

81 Coshocton 75 

86 Coalport 68 

87 Couesville 66 

91 Adams' Mills 52 

94 Dresden 58 

100 Frazeesburg 45 

103 NashportRoad 49 

108 Hanover 46 

112 Montgomery's 31 

117 Newark 84 

150 COLUMBUS 33 



Little Miami and Columbus and Xenia Railroad. 



Miles from 
Columbus. 



Miles from 
Ciuciniiati. 



COLUMBUS ....o 120 

Alton 

14 West Jefferson 106 i 

Glade Run ! 

25 Loudon 95 

Florence 

35 Charleston 84 

41 Selma 79 

47 Cedarville 75 

55 Xenia 65 

62 Spring Valley 58 

Claysville 

G9 Corwin 51 



Jliles from 
Columbus. 

75 



Miles from 
Ciiicinnati. 



Freeport 45 

79 Fort Ancient 41 

83 Morrow '. 36 

88 Deerfield 32 

93 Foster's. 27 

97 Loveland 23 

Branch Hill 

103 Miamiville ■ . , 17 

106 Milford 14 

HI Plainville . . , 9 

117 Engine House 3 

120 CINCINNATI 



OHIO AKD MIS^SISSIPPI RAILROAD. 



Miles from Miles from 

Cincinnati. . St. Louis. 

CINCINNATI ...340 

.2 Storr's 338 

5 Cullem's 335 

10 Delhi 330 

14 North Bend 326 

18 Gravel Fir 322 



Miles from Miles from 

Cincinnati. St. Louis. 

21 I. & C. R. R. Junction . . .319 
21- Lawrenceburg 318 

22 L & C. R. R. Cross 317 

25 Aurora 315 

27 Cochran 313 

33 Dillsborough 307 



RAILWAY DISTANCES. 



105 



Miles from Miles from 

Cincinnati. St. Louis. 

40 Moore's Hill 300 

45 Milan 295 

45 Pierccville 298 

47 Delaware 293 

51 Oso:ood 288 

56 Poston 284 

58 Holton 28^ 

62 Nebraska 278 

66 Butlerville 274 

73 North Vernon 267 

79 Hardenbergh 261- 

87 Seymour 2.53 

98 Brownstown 242 

101 Velonia 239 

106 Medora 234 

114 Fort Ritner 226 

121 Scottville 219 

127 Mitchell 213 

132 Georgia 208 

150 Shoals 190 

158 Loogootee 182 

173 Washington 167 

191 Junct. E. &. C. R. R 149 

1 92 Vincennes 148 



Miles from Miles from 

Cincinnati. St. Louis. 

201 Lawrenceville 139 

206 Bridgeport 134 

211 Sumner 129 

213 Hadley 127 

217 Claremont 123 

223 Olney 117 

231 Noble. 109 

238 Clay City 102 

245 Flora 95 

253 Xenia 87 

260 Middletown 80 

269 Salem 71 

275 Odin 65 

279 Sandoval 61 

293 Carlyle 47 

aoi Breese 39 

310 Trenton 30 

313 Summerfield 27 

316 Lebanon 24 

322 O'Fallen 18 

331 Caseyville 9 

340 East St. Louis, 

ST. LOUIS 



10* 



APPENDIX. 



DILLSRVILLE TO MIDDLE.TOWW, VIA COLUMBIA. 

As already mcntioaed, the Harrishurg and Lancaster Rail- 
road Branch, from Middletown to Columbia, secures in addi- 
tion to the main line, a second route, along the Susquehanna. 
Pursuing this ourse from Dillerville toward the river, we cross 
the Little Connestoga Creek, and arrive at Rohrerstown, a small 
place containing a large distillery. 

Continuing; through the highly productive farm -land of Lan- 
caster county, we reach Moutitville, so called from its locality 
upon a gentle undulation. Conspicuous among its buildings is 

" The decent church that tops the neighhoring hill." 

This portion of Lancaster county, watered by the Susquehanna 
and its tributaries, is scarcely excelled by any of its sister dis- 
tricts. Travelers from other States, (particularly from the 
South,) where the operations of agriculture do not require Barns 
or other out-buildings rendered necessary by a northern climate, 
may be interested in the following details respecting this essen- 
tially Pennsylvania "institution." 

Notwithstanding it is the pride of a Pennsylvania farmer to 
cultivate neatness and order in the general aspect of his oper- 
ations, the ham is not only the most prominent building, but 
seems to elicit his greatest attention. This, together with his 
wagon and carriage-sheds, corn-cribs, spring-house, wash-house, 
'summer dining-house, and perhaps an adjacent tenant-house, are 
usually contiguous to his mansion. 

The Barn is usually placed alongside of a small hill, so that a four- 
horse team may be driven upon the barn floor without overcoming too 
steep a grade from the road ; an arrangement equally desirable for other 
considerations. Barns are ordinarily over 100 feet in length, by about 
40 to 60 feet in width. The threshing-floor occupies the centre, with 
the mows of hay and grain on either side ; all of which rests upon a 
stone foundation, built high enough to aflbrd stable-room within its walls. 
Feeding a large number of cattle during the winter, as almost every 



COLUMBIA. 107 

farmer does, he must provide accommodations of a corresponding char- 
acter ; ample in dimensions, and combining with neatness and durability 
of construction, spacious granaries, threshing-floors, hay-lofts, I'ooms 
for tools and implements, &c., besides comfortable stalls for six to a 
dozen horses, 

Columbta, (Philadelphia 82 miles — Harrisburg 28 miles,) 
the second important town in Lancaster county, was laid out in 
1788, by Samuel Wright, who established Wright's Ferry; 
although it was first settled as early as 1727, by some Quakers 
from Chester county. An item of its early history is, that 
James, Earl of Angle«ea, was once, for some mad prank, con- 
fined in a log prison here — ^tben the jail of Lancaster county. 

Columbia occupies the slope ot a hill ; the business part of 
the town extending along the river baak. The Susquehanna 
and Tide-water canal navigation extends from this place to the 
Maryland State-line thirty miles, and thence to Chesapeake Bay 
at Havre-de-grace. It has also railroad connections to York 
and Baltimore, and is the southern terminus of the Pennsyl- 
vania canal. The principal trade of Columbia is confined to 
lumber, an immense quantity of which is harbored here, and in 
which a large capital is invested. 

The town contains two flouring mills, two anthracite furnaces, 
two saw-mills, a large machine shop of the Railroad Company, 
superintended by Mason A. Shattuek ; two foundries, and one 
rollin'g-milL It has nine churches, three prominent hotels, one 
educational institution, various societies, a newspaper, &c., be- 
sides several very extensive forwarding warehouses, boat-yards, 
and some handsome stores. The longest and most substantial 
bridge in the State, and probably in the Union, stretches across 
the Susquehanna, its length being over a mile, and constructed 
on the Burr plan. It vras built by a company which also con- 
tinues to furnish the town its present banking facilities, The 
bridge is adapted both for railroad cars and vehicles, as well as 
for towing boats across the river. Population 5,500. 

At the other end of the bridge is the town of Wrights villb, 
in York county, but regarded an environ of Columbia. Roads 



108 



RAILUOAD HAND-BOOK. 



diverge to York and Chambersburg. Over ten million feet ot 
lumber is annually seasoned here for the city .markets. Popu- 
lation is about 2,000. 

A short distance above Columbia, a bold and extensive ridge 
of white sandstone emerges from the surrounding formation; 
which, at the Susquehanna, towers several hundred feet in rug- 
ged, perpendicular cliffs, entirely overlooking the banks of the 
river below. This precipitous stone bluff is known as " Chiques 
Kock," from the top of which the extended view up and down 
the broad river, bounded on every side by lofty bills, and 
studded with numerous islands and rocks, is indescribably 
grand. 

After darting through a very small tunnel, we notice '* Henry 
Clay Furnace," and pass on to 

Chiques, (Philadelphia 84 miles — Harrisburg 26 miles,) a 
contraction of Chiquesalunga, the name of the creek which 
enters the Susquehanna at this place. Contiguous to the depot 
is the handsome residence of Prof. S. S. Haldeman, one of the 
most eminent among American Mineralogists, and a gentleman 
deeply skilled in general science. Chiquesalunga furnace op- 
erates at the foot of the great hill near by. 

Marietta, (Philadelphia 86 miles— Harrisburg 24 miles,) 
with the adjoining villages of Waterford and New Haven, was 
incorporated in 1812. 

It was formerly known as Anderson's Ferry, and strenuous 
efforts were made by the original proprietor to have Susquehanna 
bridge erected at this place ; which project being defeated, (by 
the constructing of the bridge at Columbia,) seemed to give an 
eternal death-blow to the prospects of Marietta. 

The present population exceeds 2,000. It has still, how- 
ever, maintained a considerable trade in lumber, coal and other 
articles, floated down the river and on the canal. 

Its most remarkable feature is the length of its principal ave- 
nue, along the railroad, which, extending one mile and a half, 
renders it necessary to provide two depots for this long-drawnout 
borough. "Eagle " and ** Donegal" furnaces are operated in 
the vicinity ; and May town, a small village, lies two miles in the 
interior. 



CHIQUES — BUCK LOCK. 109 

" All this region was famous in early times, especially during 
the Revolution, for the convivial and sprightly conduct charac- 
teristic of the Irish. Fiddling, dancing and carousing, or what 
were then known as heep-se-saws, were as common as eating and 
drinking," 

Passing on to the next station, Shoch's Mills, we are remind- 
ed of the fact that Lancaster contains a larger number of flouring 
mills than any other county of equal extent in the Union — the 
whole number exceeding three hundred. . 

Bainb.ridge (Philadelphia 91 miles — Harrisburg 19 miles,) 
occupies the former site of Dehawoagah, the ancient village of 
the Conoy or Ganawese Indians, and situated at the mouth of 
Conoy creek. 

The celebrated John Harris first settled hereabouts, but sub- 
sequently removed to the present site of Harrisburg. The body 
of the town is scarcely discernible from the railroad, and con- 
tains over 1,200 inhabitants. 

John Haldeman, an early pioneer, built one of the first mills 
in the county, at Locust Grove, near Bainbridge. At that early 
day flour was hauled by the old " Connestoga wagons" to 
Chester, until the people learned to construct and navigate arks, 
when they found a more natural market at Baltimore. 

Collins', (flag station,) a ferrying point. 

Falmouth, (Philadelphia 96 miles— Harrisburg 14 miles,) 
is located at the mouth of Connewago Creek, which stream is 
here crossed also by a. canal aqueduct. From this point north- 
ward, a few miles, the Susquehanna is thickly blotikaded with 
islands and rocks, and the place is commonly known as " Con- 
newago Falls." 

The descent of the river, within a distance of little more than a mile, 
is probably not less than 70 feet ; forming rapids, whirlpools, snags, and 
every conceivable obstruction to the passage of a raft. The passage of 
this watery ordeal is a terror to the universal rafting community. Their 
frail platfoi-ms, creeping like snakes over the rocks, plunge, creak and 
bend in every direction — the high waves rolling and splashing frightfully 
— renders the adventure at once exciting, novel and perilous. Many old 
river-men make a livelihood chiefly by piloting rafts through these terri- 
ble falls. — Bowen. 

Buck Lock (Philadelphia 99 miles — Harrisburg 11 miles,) 



110 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

Station is at the head of what is known as " Buck Level," on 
the Pennsylvania Canal-. A little west of "Buck Lock'' is 
Hill Island, a verdant elevation in the river, where it is said 
that in November, 1811, a number of " Millerites" convened, 
fully equipped in their immaculate " ascension robes," and spent 
a whole night waiting to go to heaven ! Suffice it to say, they 
didnH go I 

Buck Lock is the last station westward on the Branch Rail^ 
road — which, for the most part, occupies the bed of the old turn- 
pike between Middletown and Columbia — and we now reach 
Middletown, where we strike the mainline, direct to Lancaster 
and Harrisburg. 

^" See Middletown, page 39. 

Travelers through Pennsylvania, between Columbia or Mid- 
dletown and Pittsburgh, find their route accompanied for the 
most part by that species of thoroughfare — great and magnificent 
in its day — the Canal ! Speeding along with the wind, they 
look with pity upon the tugging beast on the tow-path, and 
the apparently stationary boat "dragging its slow length 
along" upon the waters. They are tempted to draw invid- 
ious comparisons ; and surveying the movements of the iron- 
horse on the one hand, and the horse of flesh on the other, 
exclaim, with the melancholy and dissatisfied Hamlet, 

'• Look liere iipon this picture, and on tliis." 

Verily, therQ was a kind of horse-power sufficient unto the days' 
in times agone ; but in this present Fast Age of the world's his- 
tory — which is, too, the ''L'on Age" — the great annihilator of 
time and space is sometimes deemed a slow affair, although we 
fly a mile per minute. 



HINTS TO TRAVELERS. 

[Prepared expressly for this work.) 

Railroad Passengers and Railroad Companies have each their rights 
and privileges. These, if properly understood and maintained, invaria- 
bly render the intercourse between the parties harmonious and agreea- 
ble throughout the longest journey. To assist, therefore, such as may 
not have given attention to Railroad Jurisprudence, (as it might be 
termed,) we tender the following chapter, as the result of our experience, 
inquiry, and observation, on the rails and in the offices. 

Money. — "Put money in thy purse" is most judicious advice to all, 
as traveling is invariably expensive. Gold and silver being every where 
current, are very desirable; if not to be had, supply yourself with bank- 
notes of the section through which you travel. 

TiCKETS.—Purchase tickets, ("through" tickets if to be had,) at the office, 
before entering the cars ; which not only saves trouble, but the additional 
fare levied in the cars on most roads. Excuses to avoid paying this eji- 
cess, such as want of time, forgetfulness, &c. are scarcely sufficient — the' 
company not being responsible for your delinquency. Applicants for 
tickets are expected to offer the exact amount of the fare, and it has been 
legally decided, that agents and conductors are not bound to '' make the 
change;" but that they may expel (using only due force,) such persons 
from the car, as though payment of the fare had been refused.* All 
tickets are good until used ; and any conditions " for this day only," or 
otherwise limiting the time of genuineness, are substantially void and of 
no effect.! Passengers who lose or mislay their tickets, forfeit the ride ; 
and they can be ejected from the cars unless a second payment be made.J 
Children between the ages of 4 and 12 years are usually charged half- 
price. 

Conductors are, as a class, usually attentive and courteous gentle- 
men.- They are presumed to have entire charge of the train, and are ex- 
pected to exercise discretionary power in settling matters of dispute 
respecting the same. In expelling pei-sons from the train, no more than 
ordinary force should be used, as the necessity may demand. 

Passengers ai*e bound to a decorous behavior, and are subject to 

* Passenger vs. 111. Cent. R. R. f Judge Balcom, Broome Circuit, N. Y. 

X Passenger vs. C. C. & C. R. R.— Judge Foote. 



112 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

such " rules and regulations" as may be posted in the car. or announced 
by the conductor. They are expected to comply with all reasonable de- 
mands to " show tickets," and can be expelled upon refusal to produce 
such evidence of their right to passage, even if the conductor knows the 
passenger has paid his fire.* Determinations to stand upon the plat- 
forms, despite the universal prohibition, legally subjects such offender to 
expulsion. On some roads passengers are assorted — way travel in the 
front cars, through passengers in the rear — and the arrangement is wor- 
thy of observance, as conducing greatly to the convenience of both con- 
ductor and travelers. At stopping-places, it is imperative upon the con- 
ductor to allow ample time for all the passengers to alight safely;! but 
it is also expected that alacrity will be used by said passengers, in order 
that no injudicious waste of the schedule-time should occur. 

Baggage, in its true sense, means only the ^vearing apparel, &c. (usu- 
ally one trunk,) incident or necessary to the health and comfort of the 
traveler — every thing above this must be paid for as " extra." Railroad 
companies confine their legal responsibility, in case of loss or damage, to 
about $100 ; proof thereof devolving on the claimant. Baggage should 
always be checked, each piece separately, and to the journey's end if pos- 
sible. When called upon by omnibus or baggage agents, soliciting 
checks, for delivery at a hotel or another depot, be sure that the card given 
in exchange for your check bears the precise number of the check. These 
agents are usually regular employees, under bonds to the railroad com- 
panies, and passengers can therefore rely upon them for safe delivery of 
the baggage. 

Seats are ordinarily considered single, and no passenger can monop- 
olize more space than his " one scat" ticket dem?nds. Contentions among 
passengers respecting seats, must be settled by the conductor. Passen- 
gers out of their seats temporarily, and who leave some article of cloth- 
ing thereon, or otherwise indicate an intention to re-occupy the same, 
have a just right to it when they return. 

Signals.! — It is satisfactory (if not of some importance,) to 
understand the ordinary steam signals. A long whistle, (or a ringing 
of the bell,) before starting, signifies "take your seats," or "all aboard." 
Two short whistles, " loose the brakes," or start. Three short whistles, 
means to " back" the cars or train. When running, a long whistle announ- 



* Court of Appeals, New York. » 

■j- Pennsylvania Supreme Court— Kilgore vs. Pa. R. R. 

X The signals as here described, though not given as an invariable standard, are of 
such universal adaptation that anything contrary may be regarded as an exception 
to the general riile. 



HINTS TO TRAVELERS. 113 

ces approach of the train to a station, road-crossing, or post-office. A 
succession of long-and-ihort whistles, to frighten or drive cattle from tho 
track. One short whistle means '' put down the hrakcs," in order to 
slacken speed or stop. Color-signals, by means of flags or boards fin 
day-time.) and lanterns (at night,) are interpreted tlius : red, ''stop" — 
white, ''all right, go a-head" — blue, " run slowly, be cautious." 

Prohibitions. — It almost appears supererogation to ciijoin upon 
travelers strict conformity to those interdictions which are designed for 
their own safety ; yet they actually seem i' more honored in the breach 
than in the observance."' Standing upon the platform'*, protruding heads 
or arms out of the windows, passi'g from car to car while the train is in 
motion, neglecting to get aboard until it has started, jumping off before 
it comes to a stop, and other acts of caielessncss, are txi-ecdingly inju- 
dicious, unnecessary, and always subject tlie venturer to imminent risk 
of bodily injury or death. Smoking is prohil)itetl in the fii-st-class cars, 
but usually allowed in the baggage or tccondclass car attached to each 
train. 

Costume. — Traveling apparel should be of ordinary texture and mod- 
est pattern. Gray or Inown is mo^t suitable, and leat.t soiled by dust 
and cinders. Every person's clothes are liable to bci-cjrched or burned 
by the "' sparks"— to avoid whicli linen dust-coats and ladies' sacks sh( ul I 
be invarial)ly worn. Light hoods and felt (soft) hats are to either sex 
indispensable comforts on a long journey. In winter, leave thin boots 
and (attention. ladies!) flimsy gaiters ac home — to keep company with 
beaver liats and white bonnets — and travel comtbrtabiy and healthfully 
shod . 

Etiquette. — Americans, so universally distinguished for affectionate 
respect to woman, more particularly corroborate this fcict in a railroad 
car, by never allowing a lady-traveler to sland whilst there remains a seat 
to offer. Profanity, boisterous laughter, uncouth manners, and rudeness, 
are even more unseemly and improper amid the stranger-group of pass- 
engers than elsewhere; for, being strangers, a reciprocal respe.ct should 
prevail. The "golden rule" should obtain, and prevent all annoyances; 
and ■• to win attention and care, both the lofty and the lowly have, and 
have only, to dispense good-will and kind manners as they pass along." 

Hacks and Omnibuses — Twelve and a half to twenty-five cents is 
the customary amount of omnibus fare from depot to hotel; but with 
hackmen mike your contracts b('forehand. or imposition may be practiced^ 

CoLOKED Passengers.— Unless some good excuse can be shov/n, 
releasing railroads from the obligation, they are bound to receive colored 
persons as pas.sengcrs ; but the company is privileged to dictate the place 
to be occupied ou the train. The right t3 be carried is a right superior 

11 



114 RAILROAD HAND-BOOK. 

to the rules and regulations of the car, and cannot be affected by them ; 
but the accommodation of passengers, while being transported, is subject 
to such rules and regulations as the carrier may think proper to make, 
provided they be reasonable.^* 



From Appleton's Railroad Guide. 

PROMINENT CITIES OF THE WEST. 



CINCINNATI, OHIO, 

Is universally acknowledged to be the Queen- City of the West. It is 
the metropolis of Ohio, and capital of Hamilton county. It is the most 
populous city of the Western States, and the largest inland city in the 
Union. Among the most prominent and interesting public buildings, we 
would notice the edifice of Cincinnati College, in Walnut street, occupied 
in part by the Chamber of Commerce and Mercantile Library. It is 140 
feet long by 100 feet wide, with a marble front, in the Doric style. The 
Roman Catholic Cathedral, at the corner of Eight and Plum streets, one 
of the finest buildings in the West, with a stone spire 250 feet high ; it is 
200 feet long, 80 feet wide, cost about $100,000. The Episcopal Church 
at the corner of Seventh and Plum, erected at the cost of $80,000. The 
Masonic Hall, corner of Third and Walnut streets, a magnificent edifice. 
The Burnet House, corner of Third and Vine streets, cue of the most 
spacious hotels in the United States. The Spencer House, corner of 
Broadway and Front street. The new Court House, recently erected on 
Maine, opposite Court street. 

Pike's Opera House, just erected by Mr. Pike, one of the rich and 
enterprising business men of Cincinnati. It is located on Fourth street ; 
is 135 by 198 feet, and the ground on which it is built cost $1,000 per 
foot front, amounting to $135,000. The first estimate of the cost of the 
building and decorations was $300,000, but the expenditure, exclusive of 
the lot, reaches half a million ! The front of the Opera House is of fine 



* Supreme Court of Michigan 



PROMINENT CITIES OF THE WEST. 116 

sandstone, with a delicate rose tint. It is five stories in height, the prin- 
cipal entrance being a beautiful Roman arch. The architecture other- 
wise is of the Elizabethan period. The auditorium is 98 feet wide, and 
it is 82 feet from the floor of the parquette to the crown of the dome. 
The proscenium is 22 feet wide, 50 feet high, and is 50 feet clear from 
right to left. The stage is 55 by 98 feet. The Cincinnati Gazette claims 
that the Cincinnati Opera House, externally and internally, casts into 
shadow, not only the great Academies of Music of New York and Phil- 
adelphia, but it surpasses in many respects, any similar edifice upon the 
Continent of Europe. 

There are many other magnificent buildings in Cincinnati. Strangers 
visiting the West will find it well worth their while to remain a few days 
or weeks in this beautiful city It is surrounded with elegant country- 
seats, vineyards, and garden farming — a suburb of almost unrivaled 
beauty. Population in 1800,750; in 1820, 9,600; in 1830,25,000; in 
1840,46,350; in 1850, 115,440; in 1853, 160,186; in^l859, about 225,000. 

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 

Chicago is one of those growing cities of the Western States that have, 
since the advent of railways and steamboats, sprung into existence, and 
attained an unrivaled importance in a few short years, as much owing to 
the fertility of the soil, and boundless resources of the Great West, as to 
the natural advantages of lake and river; and now that Science lends 
her aid by means of steam, the sudden rise, and increasing prosperity of 
these cities, can be no longer wondered at. 

The city is situated on a level plain, on the south-western shore of 
Lake Michigan, on both sides of the Chicago river. This river — the 
main stream of which is from fifty to seventy -five yards wide, and fifteen 
to twenty feet deep — forms an excellent harbor ; one of the best on the 
lake, Piers have been built into the lake to prevent the sand acumula- 
ting, and the bar at the mouth of the river has been much reduced, so 
that vessels and steamboats of the largest class can be now admitted. 

The public buildings of Chicago are, the Court House, the Marine 
Hospital, the Merchants Exchange, Metropolitan Hall, and the 2d 
Presbyterian Church ; also a Medical College, attended by about eighty 
students. The public schools are fine commodious buildings, and well 
organized ; they number between fifty and sixty, of various grades. 
The city is supplied with water from the lake, raised by steam-power, 
into a reservoir, eighty feet high, located at foot of Chicago Avenue. 

The city was incorporated in 1836. It has about 90,000 inhabitants, 
and has hitherto doubled its population once in five years. 



116 RAILllOAD HAND-BOOK. 



ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. 

This city is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 
twenty miles below the junction of that river with the Missouri. It 
is well laid out, the streets being wide, and crossing each other at right 
angles. Front street, which is 100 feet wide, Main and Second streets, 
are occupied principally by wholesale stores and shipping-houses, while 
Fourth street contains the finest retail stores, and is the fashionable 
promenade. St. Louis is also remarkable for the number and beauty of 
its public buildings. The Court House, a newly-erected building, cov- 
ering a whole square, or block, is a splendid structure of Genevieve 
limestone, and cost neirly half a million of dollars. Of the churches, 
the Roman Catholic Cathedral is the largest, but most of the others, of 
various denominations, ai'e distinguished for the beauty of their design. 
There is also a United States Arsenal, in an inclosed ground : a mass- 
ive and imposing edifice. 

The principal hotels in St. Louis are Barnum's Hotel, the Planter's 
House — a large hotel, occuiijing the whole front between Chestnut and 
Pinp streets, on Fourth ; also, tiie United States Hotel, the Monroe, the 
Virginia, the Missouri, &c. 

St. Louis is the centre of the groat Valley of the Missippi. It has 
water communications extendin;^ in diilerent directions 8,00U miles. This 
advantage, with its railways, and the enterprising spirit of its citizens, 
has already marked out St. Louis as destined to become one of the 
greatest cities of the Western States. The population in 1840 was but 
15,000; it is now estimated at almost 100,000. 

DETROIT, MICHIGAN. 

This city is the commercial and manufacturing metropolis of the 
State of Michigan, whicli is surrounded by a greater extent of navigable 
water than any other "State in the Union; its territory being washed by 
the waters of Lake Eric, St. Clair, Huron, Superior and Michigan. Its 
agricultural resources are great; its prairies most extensive; its fisheries 
are superior, and its Upper Peninsula abounds in mineral wealth. 

Dctroi!, Wayne county, is situated on the wc>t bank of Detroit river, 
,and extends about 3| miles along the river ; it is 7 miles from Lake St. 
Clair, 18 from Lake Eric, and r>00 from Washington. The streets arc 
wide, some bcinir 200 feet and others 120 feet. Jefferson and Woodward 
Avenue^ are the principal streets. The city contains numerous exten- 
sive manufactories, and a population reachijig nearly 70,000. 






m MiJ^i^EmiiT. 



iNIINGDOIl AID BROAD TOP HAILROAD, 



Visitors to this CELEBRATED and FASHIONABLE WATERING 

PLACE, will find this the QUICKEST, CHEAPEST and 

most popular route. Close connections made with 

the Penn'a. Railroad Trains. 



TWO DAILY PASSENGER TRAINS EACH WAY. 



Leaves Huntingdon every morning, except Sunday, at 9.25 A. M. con- 
necting with Pennsylvania Railroad Express Train West and Mail 
Train East, stopping at all Stations — connecting at SAXTON with 
Trains on SHOUP'S RUN BRANCH to the MINES, COALMONT, 
and BROAD TOP CITY— running through to HOPEWELL— con- 
necting with Coaches to 

FULTO]>T COUNTY, &c., &e. 

RETURNING, leaves Hopewell at 12.20, P. M., Saxton at 12.56; 
arriving in Huntingdon at 2.32 P. M. 

Leaves HUNTINGDON at 5.00 P. M., connecting with Pennsylvania 

Railroad Mail Train West — running through to COALMONT 

and HOPEWELL. 

RETURNING, leaves Coalmont at 7.00 P. M., Hopewell at 7.28 P. M.; 
and arriving in Huntingdon at 9.36 P. M. — connecting with Penn- 
sylvania R. R. Fast Line East at 10.45 P. M. 



g@- THROUGH TICKETS can be had at Philadelphia, Bal- 
timore, Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. 

J. J. LAWRENCE, 

Huntingdon, June 20th, 1859. Superintendent. 

12^ _■_ , __ 




W. W. WALLACE, iffsgf*'" 

AND 

Ofiaee, 319 Liberty Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

STEAM ENGINES, all sizes, warranted best quality; STEAM 
BOILERS, of Stamped Juniata Iron; SALT PANS: MILL GEAR- 
ING; ENGINE AND MACHINE CASTINGS; GRATE BARS, 
all sizes, always on hand. 

Catalogues of Patterns given to all those who want Gearing. 

PORTABLE MILLS, for Flouring and Chopping, various sizes. 

FRENCH BURR MILL STONES, ANCHOR BOLTING 
CLOTHS, warranted and sold at the lowest prices. 

M'GEORGE'S PATENT EXCELSIOR SHINGLE MACHINES,- 

BOSS'S PATENT TFATEB "WHEEIiS, 
Used in 8,000 Mills, are the best in use — better than the Overshot for 
Saw Mills— are cheap, and warranted to give satisfaction. 

Lull's Improved French Burr Smut Machines, 

Used in the City Mills, Pittsburgh, and in 1,000 other mills — are cheaper 
than the iron machines, and whilst they 'clean faster and better, are many 
times more durable, and are warranted to give satisfaction. 

CAST IRON PROOF STAFFS ; FLAX BELTING, for Eleva- 
tors, one-third price of leather; MILL SCREWS, &c. 

GRIND STONES, all sizes, and various grits. 

MARBLE MANTLES, manufactured by machinery, always on 
hand, at very low prices. No good house should be without Marble 
Mantles — they are always neat, and add more to the beauty of a room 
than any other article that can be purchased with the same money ; and 
besides they do not endanger the safety of house and family by taking 
fire, as Avood Mantels often do. MARBLE TOPS, for Furniture, 
Wash Stands and Counters. 

MONUMENTS, TABLETS AND CRAVE STONES, 

Manufactured by machinery, always on hand, at low prices. 

ra/S^K®!^ S@L© L@W TO) TMi TTiAB)!. 
Wareroom, 323 Liberty Street; Mantle Room, Second Story, 



HYDRAULIC CEMENT AND PLASTER PARIS. 

The subscriber is exclusive agent in this county for the sale of 
BELMONT CEMKNT. This Cement is equal to Roman Cement 
and superior to any other Cement in this market for f)ublic Works, 
Cisterns, Foundation?, Fire Walls, &c. A large stock always on hand, 
and sold wholesale and retail. PLASTER PARIS for land and 
Stucco Work, always on hand. 

W. W. WALLACE, 

S19 Jjihertf l$*re«t, Pittabnrgii, Pa. 



WM. SELLERS. .lOHN SELLERS, Ja. 

WM. SELLERS & CO. 

PENN'A. AVENUE AND SIXTEENTH ST. 



MANUFACTURE 



WmUW & MACHINISTS' TDDIS, 

IBAPROVED SHAFTING, 

With Self-adjusting Bearings and Double Cone Couplings, to admit of 
easy attachment. 

Also, EAILWAY TURNING AND SLIDING TABLES, AND PIVOT BHID6ES, 

The Turn Tables md Pivot Bridges fitted with Parry's Patent Anti- 
Friction Box. 



A. WHITNEY & SONS, 

m WiEEl «^»»* 



Cailowhill and Sixteenth Streets, 
PHILADELPHIA, PENN'A 

FURNISH 



FOR CARS, TRUCIiS AKO TEx^PERS, 

CHILLED DRIVING WHEELS ANO TIRES FOR LOCOMOTIVES, 



WHEELS AND AXLES PITTED COMPLETE. 



PENNSYLVANIA 

RAILROAD. 

1859. Sm^^^^S^^ 1859. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

The oapaeity of this Road is now equal to any in the country. 

THREE THROUGH PASSENGER TRAINS 

BETWEEN 

PHILADELPHIA AND PITTSBURGH, 

Connecting direct at Philadelphia with 

THSOUGH TRAINS from BOSTON, NEW YORK and all points East. 
and in the Union Depot at Pittsburgh with Through Trains for 

C L EVE L .^ IV 13 ^ 

ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, 

C I NCI NN AT!, 
Burlingtou, St. Paul^ Iiiiliauapolis, LouisTille^ N. Orleans, 

And all intermediate points in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, 
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas and 
Nebraska — thus furnishing facilities for the transpor- 
tation of Passengers unsurpassed for speed and 
comfort by any other route. 
EXPRESS and EAST LINES run through to Pittsburgh without 
change of Cars or Conductors. 

SMOKING CARS ARE ATTACHED TO EACH TRAIN. 
WOODRUFF'S SLEEPING CARS 
to EXPRESS and FAST TRAINS. The EXPRESS RUNS DAILY- 
Mail-find Fast Lines, (Sundays excepted.) 

Tickets Westward may be obtained at the offices of the Company in 
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, or Baltimore ; and Tickets Eastward 
at any of the important Railroad Offices In the West ; also on board any 
of the Regular Line of Steamers on the Mississippi or Ohio rivers. 
il^^Fare Always as Low as by any other Route.'^^fil 
The completion of the Western connections of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road to Chicago, makes this the 

Direct Line between the East and the Great 
North-West. 

The connecting of tracks by the Railroad Bridge at Pittsburgh, avoid- 
ing all drayage or ferriage of Freight, together with the saving of time, 
are advantages readily appreciated by Shippers of Freight, and the Trav- 
eling Public. 



FREIGHTS WESTWARD 

By this Route Freig^hts of all descriptions can be forwarded from Phil- 
adelphia, New York. Boston, or Baltimore, to any point on the Railroads 
of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, or Missouri, 

BY KAILROAD DIRECT. 

The PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD also connects at Pittsburgh 
with STEAMERS, by which Goods can be forwarded to any Port on 
the Ohio, Muskingum, Kentucky, Tennessee, Cumberland, Illinois, Mis- 
sissippi, Wisconsin, Missoud, Kansas, Arkansas and Red rivers ; and at 

CLEVELAND, SANDUSKY and CHICAGO, 

WITH STEAMERS TO ALL PORTS ON THE 

isroi^i?i3:--v^ESTE:Eei5r XjA.ic:h3S, 

MERCHANTS and SHIPPERS intrusting the transportation of 
their Freight to this Company, can rely with confidence on its speedy 
transit. 

im iA\tii M mmmi 

To any point in the West, by the PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, 
are at all times as favorable as are charged by other Railroad Companies. 

Be particular to mark Packages, "via Pennsylvania R. R." 

Merchants in the West, ordering goods from the East, will do well to 
direct them to be shipped by this route. 

For PBEIGHT CONTRACTS OH SHIPPUiTG- DI- 
RECTIONS, apply to, or address either of the following Agents of 
the Company : 

D. A. STEWART, Pittsburgh; 
Doyle & Co., Steubenville, Ohio ; H. S. Pierce & Co., Zanesville, Ohio , 
J. J. Johnston, Ripley, Ohio ; R. M'Neely, Maysville, Kentucky ; Ormsby 
& Cropper, Portsmouth, Ohio; Paddock & Co., Jefferson ville, Indiana; 
H. AV. Brown & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio ; Athern & Hibbert, Cincinnati, 
Ohio; R. C. Mcldrum, Madison, Indiana; William Bingham, Louisville, 
Kentucky; P. G. O'Riley & Co., EvansviUe, Indiana; N. W. Graham & 
Co., Cairo. Illinois ; R. F. Sass, St. Louis, Missouri ; John H. Harris, 
Nashville, Tennessee ; Harris & Hunt, Memphis, Tennessee ; Clarke & 
Co., Chicago, Illinois ; W. H. H, Koontz, Alton, Illinois ; Murphy & 
Walle, Dubuque, Iowa, or to Freight Agents of Railroads at different 
points in the West. 

Parties attending to their own shipments froxn the East, will find it to 
their interest to call on the Agents of this Company at the following 
places before shipping, or letters addressed to either of them on the sub- 
ject of freights, will meet with prompt attention. 

E. J. SNEEDER, Philadelphia. 

MAGRAW & KOONS, 80 North Street, Baltimore. 

LEECH & CO., No. 2 Astor House, or No, 1 S. Wm. St. New York 

LEECH & CO., No. 54 Kilby Street, Boston. 

H. H. HOUSTON, General Freight Agent, Philadelphia. 

L. L. HOUPT, General Ticket Agent, Philadelphia. 

THOS. A. SCOTT, General Superintendent, Altoona, Pa. 

12* 



riTn&UTJIlYiE&CUO 

It .4. I L H O A I> . 



THE 6EEAT ROAD COMPLETED ! ! ! 

HAREISBURG brought in direct connection with CHICAGO and 
the NORTH-WEST, by the completion of ihe 

PITTSBURGH, FT. WAYNE & CHICAGO RAILROAD, 

Extending from Pittsburgh to Chicago. 

The Great Line formed by the PENNSYLVANIA 
CENTRAL and the 

RAILROADS, IS RENDERED THE 

C RAND AIR LINE 

BETWEEN 

IIAREISBUP.G, CHICAGO and the NORTH-WEST. 
THROUGH FROM HARRJSBURG TO CHICAGO 

WITH ONY ONE CHANGE OF CARS. 

Passenger Trains leave Pittsburgh daily (Sundays excepted,) on 
the arrival of the trains from Harrisburg, via the Pennsylvania 
Central Rail Road, running directly through to Chicago without 
change of cars, thus rendering it 



im mm mnm ^®i ipaii,^^^^'^^^ 



<^ 



FROM HARRISBURG TO CHICAGO AND THE NORTH-WEST. 

-ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI, INDIANAPOLIS, AND ALL 

POINTS IN OHIO, INDIANA, ILLINOIS AND MISSOURI. 

NO FERRYING, NO OMNIBUS RIDES, 

BUT CONTINtOTTS KAIL THROUGHOUT. 



Accompanies each Night Train on "this road, by which passengers 
can get a comfortable night's rest if required. 



No exertion spared to make this the most desirabSe route 
between the East and West, both as to speed and comfort. 



SECURE YOUR TICKETS 

Via Peiiiisylvania Central md Pittsburgli, Ft. Wayne 
& Chicago* Railroadg, to all points in the West. 

TICKETS can be procured at the Office of the PENNSYLVANIA 
CENTRAL RAILROAD, HARRISBURG. 



FREIGHTS CARRIED AS LOW 

AS BY ANY OTHER RAIL ROAD ROUTE BETWEEN 



To IMercliants and. Shippers 

ilTfWiili* THi i^STT m® WtST, 
This route offers great inducements, both from its being the 

SHORTEST AND MOST DIRECT ROUTE 

Between Boston, New York, Pliiladelpliia or Harrisburg, to tie fireat West, 

As well as from the less frequent changes or handling of 
the freight, there being but 

ONE CHANGE OF CARS BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA and CHICAGO, 

OK. 

TWO BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA AND ST. LOUIS. 

No Braying^, no Ferrying, nor exposure to the weather. 



Or any information will be furnished Shippers by application to 

{No. 5 Kilby Street, - Boston, 

" 2 Astor House, - New York. 

" 8 South William St. 

" 8 Battery Place, - " " 

" Dock Street, - Philadelphia. 
E. J. SNEEDER, Esq. Agent P. R. R. 

CLARKE & CO-. .^ u _ _ Pittsburgh. 

CLARKE & CO. «' *' . _ Chicago. 

JISO. J. HOXJSTOIV, 

Gericrr/l Freight and Passenger Agent. 
Jri-y 1st, 1859. 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 

INCOBPORATED BY THE lEGISLATDRE OF PENNSYLVANIA WITH PERPETUAL CHARTER. 

F@M!?i]©i© m mm. 

Removed to the New Buildings in Fifth Street, 1859, one of the most splendid 
specimens of Iron Architecture in the world ; the entire front, 101 feet by 73 feet high, 
being of Iron. 

TMM CDSli.EB'® SDOMS 

Were constructed expressly for this institution, and are the most elegantly finished 
and furnished educational apartments in America. 
This is believed to be the most extensive and thoroughly Organized Mercantile Col- 
lege in the Union. Its long established pre-eminent reputation may be ascribed to 
the pi'oprietor's extensive experience as an accountant, as a merchant, and as an 
author; and to his having uniformly excluded from his classes all studies but the 
prominent branches of the Merchant's Education, viz. : 

COMMERCIAL. COMP«JTATIOi\^S5 

fljommer^ial laur and folittal (Kronomg, 

PENMANSHIP AND MERCANTILE PRECEDENTS, 

DETECTING COUNTERFEIT MONEY, 

Which are taught to the highest degree of perfection by Professors standing. at the 
head of their profession. 



The following works can be ordered through any Bookseller: 

Ilarpei-'s New Enlarged Edition, $1.50; postage 20 cents. Adopted in the Public 
Schools of New York. 



Price $1.00; postage 9 cents. 
Containing nearly 500 specimens. Crown Quarto, |5.00 ; mailed post paid. 

DUNCAN'S ENGRAVED SCHOOL COPY BOOKS, 

Extensively used in the Public Schools. In 8 numbers, 12 j cents each; postage 9 
cents. 24 pages fine demy paper in each number — the most complete School 
Copy Book published. A liberal discount to wholesale purchasers. 
Jgt^For Samples of Prof. Duncan's Penmanship, the College Circular of 50 pages and 
an Engraving of the New College Buildings, inclose 5 postage stamps. Address : 

P. DUFF, Merchants College, Pittsburgh, Pa. 



INDI/IK/IPOLISi TERRE HAUTE 

ST. liOnS lillVE. 



PASSENGERS FOR ST. LOUIS 

WILL FIND THE ROUTE 

TIA IMl>IANAPOI.IS, 



TRAINS LEAVE IIIAMPOLIS FOR ST. LOWS 



AFTER THE 



ARRIVAL OF THE TRAINS FROM PITTSBURGH, 

DAILY, (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED.) 



Connections are made with the 

EVANSVILLE AND CRAWFORDSVILLE KAIL ROAD, 

FOR VINCENNES AND EVANSVILLE. 



.A.LSO, J^T 



MATTOON AND PAJS^A 



WITH THE 



ILUHOIS CEHTBJSiL HAILWAY 

For the various places on the line of that Eoad and its connections. 



Baggage Checked from Pittsburgh to St. Louis. 

Preset, and Sup't. Indianapolis and Terre Hante R. R. 



CLEVELAND & TOLEDO 



THE ONLY ALL RAIL ROAD ROUTE TO DETROIT, 

South of the Lakes, from the Eastern cities ; and the most pleasant 
and desirable route to 

Chicago and Points in the West and North-West. 

This road is well ballasted and the track and machinery is kept in the 
most thorough repair, having all the advantages of being an old road, 
and running in connection with oldest and best organized roads in the 
Western States. 



Need not be urged to take this route after once knowing the many 
advantages it possesses over all other routes, in its SURE CONNEC- 
TIONS, SMOOTH TRACKS, EXSY RIDING CARS, FINE 
DEPOTS, AND EXCELLENT DINING ROOMS (at Toledo and 
Cleveland,) that cannot be surpassed in the Union. 

Passengers via this line can avail themselves of the choice of seven 

ROUTES FKOM CLEVELAND TO NeW YoRK, viz. : 

Via Lake Shore, New Tork Central and Hudson River Railroads. 
" " " " and Harlem Railroads. 

to Buffalo and Buffalo & New York & Erie. 
" " to Dunkirk and New York & Erie. 

" Cleveland & Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. 
" " Wheeling and Baltimore, and 

The IVe^vr IJ^oute noTV Opened 

VIA PITTSBniGH, HAHRISBUKG All ALLSNTOWN., 

CONNECTIOIVS AKE MAlttE 

At Toledo with Detroit and Toledo Railroad. 

" " " Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana R. R. 

" " " Toledo, Wabash & Western. 

*' Fremont, " Eremont & Indiana Railroad, 

" Clyde " Sandusky, Dayton & Cincinnati Railroad. 

" Monroeville " Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad. 

" Grafton " Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad. 

" Cleveland " Lake Shore Line. 

" " " Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. 

*' " " Cleveland & Mahoning Railroad. 

JOHK U. PARSONS, J. B. WARING, 

GeJi. Ticket Agent, Fresideni. 

CLEVfiliAND, O, 



Richard Norris, Henry Latimer Nobris. 

RICHARD MORRIS & SOI, 
LOCOMOTIVE 

STEAM ENfilNE BUILDERS, 

Seventeenth Street, above Callowhill, 

ENGAGED EXCLUSIVELY IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 



RAIlWiy TOOLS m MACHimRF. 



Manufacture to order, Locomotives of* any arrangement, weight 
or capacity. In Design, Material and Workmanship, the Loco- 
motives produced at these Works are equal to, and not excelled 
by any. 

The materials used in construction are made on the spot, in- 
suring the best quality and most reliable stock. The large 
extent of shops and equipment of Machinery and Tools, enables 
them to execute orders with great dispatch, for Locomotives, 
Chilled W^heels, Hammered Axles, from Charcoal Blooms, and 
Wrought Iron Forgings, of any shape or size. Iron and Brass 
Casticgs, with Tools for Machinists* and Railway Shops, aad 
for every article used in building or repairirig Locomotives. 



G. G. LOBUELL. 



H. S. M'CoMBs. 



T>. P. Bush. 



Bum « i0BeEii 



WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 



MAKUFACTURERS OF 



c:^ XE X jc< Xi s: SB 

WHEELS AND TIRES 

IF" O S; 

RAILROAD OARS 



LOCOMOTIVE ENCBNES, 

Are prepared to execute promptly, orders to any extent, for their 
Either Single or Double Plate, with or without Axles. 

WHEELS FITTED 

T 

HAMMERED OR ROLLED AXLES i 

In the best manner, at the shortest notice, and 
on most reasonable terms. 



^ I0B ^s^^ 



^ IM §oolis, fai^r & ^Momrg. ^ 



=+= 



W. S. HATEISr, 

STATIONER, 



CORNER OF MARKET 4 SECOND STREETS, 

AND 

CORNER OF WOOD &. THIRD STREETS, 

OP I T T s B Tj i^ a- s: , 



o/iM/na ^e ^'Ci^ 




PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL 



y 



'O 




^/^^;^^ 



AMERICAN AND POREIGlSr 



Oix liand. and. dParnislied. to order, 

ALL ARTICLES USED BY CIVIL ENGINEERS, 



J ^y^amm^ amJ oJeicimu 



€on\ 



vo-'yi' 



MANIFEST AN1> liETTEIt 

€©g)f tag B©Q)ks amd ^'t^%%%%. 

14 



BURKE & BARNES, 

PRACTICAL MANTTFACTURERS OF 

Fire Proof Salamander Safes 

WAKii^N)?!© FRil PR@RB mm^ m^ HQiL©, 

AND AS FIRE-PROOF AS ANY SAFE MANUFACTURED IN THE f OBID. 

ALSO, 

Powder Proof Locks, Bank Vault Doors, 

BURGLAR PROOF STEEL LINED BOXES, 

IRON WINDOW SHUTTERS, &a 

129 & 131 THIRD STREET, 

BETWEEN WOOD AND SMITHFIELD STREETS, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 
REFERENCES: 

KRAMER & RAIIM, IRON CITY BANK, 

ALLEGHENY BANK, PITTSBURGH TRUST CO. 

AND OUR BANKS GENERALLY. 



JAMES W. WOODWELL, 

EMBRACING EVERY STYLE OF 



ROSEWOOD, MAHOGANY & WALNUT, 

SUITABLE FOR 

PARLORS, CHAMBERS & DIKma ROOMS, 

EQUAL TO ANY IN 

NeA/V York or PMladelpliia, 

AM® AT S^OWEm Fmi(SES. 

WAREROOMS, Nos. 97 & 99 THIRD ST. 



MONONCAHELA HOUSE, 




.B£AU1.I£U 0£L. 



JOHN M'DONALD CROSSAN, PROPRIETOR, 

<«»»!> 

C. G. HUSSEY & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Sragi^rs, golt ^ Sheathing ^^p\, 

Eaised Still Bottoms and Flats of all sizes, Brass Kettles, Sheet and other Brass, 
SPELTER SOLDER, COPPER RIVETS, &C. 

DEALERS IN BLOCK TIN, TIN-PLATE, LEAD WIRE, SHEET ZINC, ANTI- 
MONY, SHEET IRON, TINNERS' TOOLS, &c. 

PITTSBURGH, PSNN^l. 

Slieets Copper C Tit to any pattern. 



JOHN F. SINGER. JOHN If. JBNNINOS. 

SHEFFIELD IRON & STEEL WOEKS. 



SINGER, NIMICK & CO. 



SPRINGS, AXLES, CROWBARS, VISES, &c. 

Maf-ekaime, S'S /l/fate^ &Y00 ^i^t SFt&. 

PITTSBURaH, PA. 

A. M. WALLINGFORD. A. & W. K. NIMICK. F. R. BRUNOT. 

THOMAS PALMER, 

DEALER IN 

FRENCH & IMEHICIN 
Warehouse, Ko. 91 Wood Street, 

Second Door below Diamond Alley, 



DAVID CAMPBELL, JAMES POLLOCK. 

CAMPBELL & POLLOCK, 

DM GOODS, NOTIONS, 

CUTLERY, PERFUMERY, LACE GOODS, &o. 
No. lOi Wood Street) 3 doors above Diamond Alley, 






A^' 



IiaaLi>pr tiers £iii<l I>ealei:*s In 



HARDWIRE 






^o. . ^S*-* ^*^.o. ^nve^' 



C. H. Wolff, / JrlllbDUxlurl. (Thos. H. Lane. 



Kensington iron and Nail Works, 
LLOYD & BLACK, 



MANUFACTUEERS OF 



bar; sheet, hoop, 



IV^ILS & SPIKES, 

Also, Small Sized T, and Plat Bar Bail Road b,j^ 

Screen Iron, suitalple for Coal Worki, and 

T Iron for Roofing Purposes, 

Wareliouse, No. 99 Water Street, 



JAMES. 



WILLIAM J. 



JOHN. 




LIPPINCOTT & CO. 

! mi f I 




M:^]VXJFA.CTXJIiEIiS, 

No. 118 Water St. 4 doors below Monongahela House, 

PITTSBURaH, PA. 



IMPORTER AND DEALER IN 



m 



'^ 



LIQUORS & SECARS, 



6 "Wood Street, 

A. B. CURLING. M. ROBERTSON. E. DITHRIDGE. 

CURLIMG, ROBERTSOIV & CO. 

FLm GLASS WARE, 

No. IT "W^ood Street, 



ORIGINAL 




BSSHIYE, 



C. HANSON LOVE, 

Formerly lonng, SteTenson & love, and love Brothers, 

IMPORTER, JOBBER Se RETAILER OP 

BBY 




OOD 




Bet'vveeii Fourtli and the Diamond, 

PITTSBOHGH, PA. 

The subscriber invites particular attention to his large stock of 
SILKS and DRESS GOODS of all kinds, 

Shawls, Talmas, Cloaks, Mantles, Needle- Work, 
Hosiery, Mourning, House-Furnishing, 

And a full assortment of DOMESTICS of every description. As he 
visits Philadelphia, New York and Boston from six to eight times a 
year, and has made arrangements with the Leading Houses in each 
of the above named cities, to forward him anything NEW that may 
arrive bj^ the European Steamers between times, his customers and 
the public generally may rely on finding all the Novelties and 
desirable articles in his line in their season. Please call and 
examine before purchasing elsewhere. 

C. HANSON LOVE, 

Formerly Young, Stevenson & Love, and Love Brothers, 

Kc. U Market Street, between Fourth and the Diamond, Pittsburgh, Penn'». 



f {itnsglcattia Jnsttratit^ C|0mptig 

Ofllce, IVo. 03 DPoiirtli Street. 



Capital and Surplus over - $150,000.00 

JACOB PAINTER, C. A. COLTON, N. VOEGHTLY, 

WADiB HAMPTON» RODY PATTERSON, A. A. CARRIER, 

I. GRIER SPROUL, ROBERT PATRICK, HENRY SPKOUL, 

A. J. JONES, GEO. W. SMITH, JAS. H. HOPKINS. 

This Company has paid losses from the date of its incorporation 
in 1854, up to May, 1859, to amount of $302,835.07, in addition 
to regular semi-annual Dividends of from 5 to 15 per cent, afford- 
ing evidence of its stability and usefulness. 

LOSSES LIBIRALLY ADJUSTED AND PROMPTIY PAID. 
A* A. CARRIER, Pres't. I. GRIER SPROUL, See'y. 

JOHN M. ROBERTS, 

DEALER, IN 

IIS, SL(3)SKE, 

JEWELRY & SILVER WARE, 

IVo. lO FifTth Street, near Mlai-lcet, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

FINE WATCH REPAIRING. GILDING AND ENGRAVING. 

^IWiLRY & §BL^ii WABl RJABl IT® @K©iK. 

JAMES P. TANNER, 



^9. 
BONNETS, PALM LEAF HATS, &c. 

3Vo. SO TTood Street, 

Between Third and Fourth Streets, 

PITTSBUROH, PA. 



IMPROVED 

gLiii-SEiiiiiEi 

An Invaluable Remedy for all Diseases having their Origin in 



The efficacy of this medicine has been tested in the following diseases, 
and in every instance where it was used according to the directions, and 
its use persevered in a reasonable length of time, a cure has been 
feiFected, and in many cases such results have been accomplished after 
patients have been given up as incurable by some of the best physicians j 

Scrofula, Erysipelas, Boils, 

Canoerous Formations, Cutaneous Diseases, Sore Eyes, 

Scald Head, Tetter Affections, Pimples, 

Old Sores, Ulcers, Dyspepsia, 

Rlieumatic Disorders, Costireness, Jaundice, 

Salt Rheum, Mercurial Diseases, General Debility, 

liiver Complaint, Loss of Appetite, Low Spirits, 

Fold Stomach, Liver Complaint, 

AND IN SHORt 

EVERY DISEASE ARISING FROM IMPURITY OF THE BLOOD. 

It is not claimed for this medicine, like it is for the thousands of quack 
nostrums of the day, to be a sovereign cure-all for all the ills that human 
flesh is heir to, but the proprietor claims for it the power of alleviating 
the ills, and in nearly every instance eftecling a radicul cure of such 
diseases as arise in the fluids of the system; and such has been its 
success that he is ready and willing to return every dollar paid for the 
BLOOD SEARCHER where it alFords no relief. 

THE BLOOD SEARCHER 

Is a vegetable preparation, containing no mineral poisons whatever; 
and, although powerful in driving disease from the body, no deleterious 
effects follow an overdose, or its continued use for an indefinite periods 
Mr. Lindsey, the discoverer of this invaluable remedy, was engaged for 
years in experimenting on vegetable conlpounds, but it is only a few 
years since complete success crowned his long and deep researches; 
yet the merit of the medicine is attested by the fact that within the last 
year thousands upon thousands of bottles have been sold, and the 
demand is still increasing. 

Orders for the BtiOOO SEARCHER to b« addressed to 

R. M. LEMON, HoUidaystaurg, Pa. 

OR TO 

Oi\ GEO. P. KEYSER, Wholesale Agent, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

18 



kf. t. ftOWARD. 



C. t. HOWARD. 



Q. E. iiowARii: 



KAILKOAII AND CAR IIIILDERS* 

GENERAL SUPPLY STORE, 

HARTFOBD, CONN. 



JAMES L HOWARD & CO. 



MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



FURNISHING GOODS, 

HOWARD'S CAR WINDOW FASTENERS, 
^Brackets, Hat Hooks, 



SAFETY RUSSET LEATHER 

BELL CORD AND FIXTURES, 
WHITE METAL LETTERS AND RINGS, 

PLAIN AND FIGURED PLUSHES, 

CURLED Ham, OIL CARPETS, VARNlSHESt 

COTTON WASTE, &c., &c<, &c. 

MaDufacturers' Agents for " Fitchburg " Roofing Duck/ 
any width, Enameled Head Linings, Locomotive and Signal 
Lanterns^ &ic. Importers of French Window Glass, Car Sizes. 



ETNA STOVE WORKS. 



A. BBADL 

Mla-nij.factii.x'er Sl Dealer* in 

EVERY VARIETY OF 



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AN P 




Plain & Fancy Enameled Grate Fronts, 

TEA. KETTLES, &:c. ^c, 

SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE 

CELEBRATED PATENT GAS BURNING 

AN D 



SMOKE mmm coot stoves 



(Celebrated, \vlierever irLtroclu.cecl.) 

OFFICE & SALESROOM, Tfo. 4 WOOD STREET, 






1136 RI»0£ AVBWUE, 

BELOW SPBING GARDEN STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA. 



For Cemetery Inclosures, Public Squares, Churches, Private Residences, &c., &6, 

IRON VERANDAHS, 

IRON BALCONIES, 

IRON STAIRS, in every variety. 
IRON FOUNTAINS, 

IRON CHAIRS AND SETTEES, 
IRON TABLES, 

IRON BRACKETS, 

IRON TREE BOXES, 

IRON COUNTERS, &C.&0, 

Which they offer, in great variety of designs, at lower prices than the 
same character of work can be obtained elswhere. 



THE ALTOONA MECHANICS LIBRARY 
READING ROOM ASSOCIATION 

HAVE TMR ROOMS IN THE SECOND STORY OF THE MOTIVE POWER OFFICE, 

OPPOSITE THE liOOAJV HOUSE. 

Their LIBRARY is a choice one, containing about 500 Volumes ; 
composed of valuable works on Mechanics and general literature. The 
most important 

from all sections of the country, together with the best PERIODI- 
CALS AND QUARTERLIES, are regularly received. 

STRANGERS who may pass the night at Altoona, will find it the 
most agreeable place in which to spend the evening. They will be 
courteously received by the Librarian at any time between the hours of 
7 and 10 P. M., and Avill be afforded every facility which may render the 
evening pleasant and profitable. 

ANY DONATIONS, 

Whether of BOOKS, PERIODICALS OR MINERALS, will 

BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED. 



HUNT «( MINER, 

jytasonic Hall, Fifth Street, 

PITTSBURaH, PA. 

WHOLESALE & RETAIL DEALERS IN 

CHEAP PUBLICATIONS, &C. 



THE PUBLIC 

Can always obtaia at this establishmeut any work or works puMislicJ, at the 



HUNT & MINER have unequaled facilities for Packing and For- 
warding anything in their line, with the 

'P^ffiOSl' Fm@MF¥I^W®E AM® ®2SFA¥(SM. 

All goods packed with the greatest care, and forwarded in all 
instances by the earliest train following receipt of orders. 
Dealers will find it convenient to have all their orders 

PACKED AT THIS ESTABLlSHMEMTt 

As we can supply them in advance of any other house. 



Subscriptions received for Magazines, Newspapers, &o. 
HUNT & MINER 

Are the only Authorized Agents for Western Pennsylvania, for all of 

APPLETOK & CD'S. SUBSCRIPTION WORKS, 

A N D FOR T H E 

18* 



JAMES Hill. \^'M. M. Faber. Benjamin P. Kane. 

W, M, FIBER 4 CO. 

Liberty St. near the Penn'a. R. R. Passenger Depot, 



tm 



A N D 



Machine Card and Woolen Machine 

Have coriSt-uiti,y on hand, and build any description of Eng'i]ie^?, 
suitable for 

CRIST MILLS, SAW MILLS, 

B^RK MILLS, 



TOCIETHEIl WITH EVERY 31ESCRIPTI0N OF 



ilfiii 



WROUGHT IRON SHIFTING, 



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AND 



PULLEYS, &;c. 

rders from all parts of (lie c.nintry pvomplly oxecntefl. 



LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, 



.25 SOUTH SIXTH STREET, ABOVE CHESTNUT, 
PHILADELPHIA. 



j|^°=Particular attention given to filling Miscellaneous Ordei'S for 
Books from Booksellers, Public or Private Libraries, &c. 

NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD WORKS 

RECENTLY PUBLISHED. 

WATSON'S POETICAL QUOTATIONS. Containing Elegant 
Extracts on every subject. Compiled from various sources, and 
arranged under appropriate heads, by John T, Watson, M. D. 1 
volume octavo, with 9 illustrations. 

"It is a casket filled with precious gems of learning and fancy, so arranged as to 
fascinate, at a glance, the delicate eye of taste. By referring to the index, which is 
arranged in alphabetical oi'der, you can find, in a moment, the best ideas of the most 
inspired poets of this country, as well as Europe, upon any desired subject." — Chronicle 

MISS MAY'S AMERICAN FEMALE POETS. With Biographical 
and Critical Notices, and Selections from their Writings, 1 volume 
octavo, with 9 illustrations. 
" We regard this volume as a proud monument of the genius and cultivation 

American women, and wo heartily recommeudit to all our female readers as eminently 

worthy of their attention." — Louisville Journal. 

DR. BETHUNE'S BRITISH FEMALE POETS. With Biograph- 
ical and Critical Notices, and Selections from their Writings. In 1 
volume, octavo, with 9 illustrations. 

•• As a treasury of nearly all the best pieces from their pens, and as a manifestation 
uf femali? talent, of Avomau's imaginative and sensitive excellence, and the influence 
1 hey exercise over social manners, it is a valuable contribution to English literature 
Tlr^ poems are selected with much judgment and good taste." — Ledger. 

WELD'S SACRED POETICAL QUOTATIONS: or, Scripture 
Themes and Thoughts, as paraphrased by the Poets. (Selected aad 
arranged by the Rev. H. Hastings Weld. 1 volume, octavo, with 
9 illustrations. 

"The design was an equally happy and original one, that of collecting the fine 
moral and religious passages of the poets, which are paraphrases of the Scriptures; 
the execution of it has obviously involved much labor, as it required the good taste 
and critical j udgment which no one was better qualified than Mr. Weld to bring to 
the task." — North Avierican. 

PROCTOR'S HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES FOR THE 
RECOVERY OF JF,RUSALEM AND THE HOLY SEPUL 
CHRE. With over 150 illustrations. A handsome royal octavo 
volume. 

" No other historian of the Crusades iias succeeded in comprising so complete aal 
euteriaiiilug a narrative in so reasonable a compass." 

4 liber Q,l deduction to those who buy to sell again. Address, 

LIHDSAY & BLAKISTON, Publishers, Philadelphia. 



SAPONIFIER: 



W A RRANTED TO 

MAKE SOAP WITHOUT LIME, 

AND WITH LITTLE TROUBLE. 

Every Family cau make their own Soap out of any kind of refuse 
Grease combined with the SAPONIFIER. 

ET WllLL m^^E Hl^K© WATEK S@PTj 
WILL CLEAN TYPE TO PERFECTION, 

And for all purposes where a strong lye is required, nothing can equal 
it. It is put up in 1 pound air-tight Iron Boxes, with full directions ac- 
companying each package. 

0^= The only GENUINE ORIGINAL PATENTED article is man- 
ufactured by the 

PENNSYLVANIA 

EAST TARENTUM, ALLEGHENY COUNTY, 

Office and Warehouse, No, 396 Penn Street, above Canal, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Patentees and. Sole Manufacturers. 
ALSO, 

Caustic Soda, Manganese, 

FOR Soap Makers, Nitric Acid, 

Soda Ash, Chloride of Calcium, 

Beflned Soda Ash, Muriatic Acid, 

Sal Soda, Aqua Portis, 

Bleaching Powder, Chloroform, 

Copperas, Soda Saleratus. 

Extra ReliBied Siio^v-Wliite Table, Kalry aaid 

PackiiBg Salt, vi^'arranted entirely Pore and 

©ry, put up fin various packages- and 

styles. 



J. HARVY DAVIS. JOHN PHILLIPS. JOS. H. DAVIS. 

DAVIS * PHILLIPS, 

Bmss Foiiidei's and Mansfactnrers, 



CAS & STEAM FITTERS, 

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 

MANUFACTORY, NO. 110 WATER & 104 FRONT STREET, 

I>ITTSBXJIiOH:, FA.. 

Warerooms, 67 Wood St. Pittsburgh, and Federal St. Allegheny. 

OLOlVtE IIVSTITXJTE, 

20 MILES SOUTH-WEST OF PITTSBURGH. 



This long established and well known Institution — located in a beautiful and healthy- 
section of the State, and in the midst of a community distinguished for its intelligence 
and morality — offei's rare opportunities for the acquirement of a liberal and polished 
education. The principles which govern its administration ai-e such as recommend it 
to the cordial patronage of those who have daughters to educate; while great atten- 
tion is given to physical and hygienic improvement. 

The Principal is amply assisted by competent teachers; and the course of study is 
calculated to insure thoroughness and proficiency, (in contradistinction to superficial 
acquirements,) while it is pleasurable and enduring. 

ilor circulars of terms and further particulars, address 

Mrs. 0. J. FKENCH, Principal, Canonsburg, Washington Co., Pa. 

J. J. GILLESPIE, 

Ltiilit tLISS 

MANUFACTURER, 

-♦ 

j^r-FKAMES, MOULDINGS, LOOKING GLASS 
PLATES, WINDOW GLASS, &;c. 



The undersigned would respectfully call the attention of the | 
TRAVELING PUBLIC to their 

COUCH CARS, 

One of wliich accompanies eack and every Niglt Train on the 



TO I>ITTSBURGMI , 

AND FROM 

Pittsburgh to Chicago 

VIA FORT WAYNE. 
THESE CARS ARE UNEQUALED. 

THEY ARE 

Ventilated upon Hew and Improved Principles, 

THE MOST PERFECT OF ANY YET CONSTRUCTED. 

Each Car is accompanie^lhe whole distance by a competent and 
n D 1.6. ^^""^ Conductor. 

No means will be left untried to add to the comfort of passengers 
occupying these cars 

A sectional view of the interior will be found upon the outside 
page. 

T. T. WOODRUFF & CO. 
1*7^14 BroTvn Street, P*li.ila<ielpli.ia* 



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Deacldified using the Bookl<eepe_r process. 
Neutralizing Agei 
Treatment Date: 



MAY 1993 
BBKREEPER 

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